European stakeholders' perspectives on achieving more sustainable wheat cultivation across different pedoclimatic zones

Alicia Morugán-Coronado¹Javier Calatrava²Laura Meno³Flora Alonso-Vega³Eija Pouta⁴Annika Tienhaara⁴Stefan Schrader⁵David-Alexander Bind⁶Hilde Leona Wustenberghs⁷Sander Fleerakkers⁸David Fernández Calviño^3*María dolores Gómez-López¹

• ¹Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
• ²University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
• ³University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
• ⁴Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
• ⁵Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Berlin, Germany
• ⁶FlächenAgentur Rheinland GmbH, Bonn, Germany
• ⁷Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
• ⁸Research Station for Vegetable Production, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium

Significant socio-agronomic challenges in wheat production have been revealed in recent years. Soil and nutrient depletion, combined with pest and disease outbreaks, have led to extensive external fertilizer and pesticide use. That situation exacerbates environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and increases production costs. This research identified particularly relevant current agro-environmental problems, barriers and priorities regarding the requirements of end users in wheat cropping systems. A survey was conducted, listing agronomic problems and farming practices. Stakeholders from five European pedoclimatic zones participated in the survey. Their responses were analyzed using univariate statistical techniques and multicriteria methodology. Subsequently, discussion groups with stakeholders were programmed to show, validate, and supplement the survey data. The study's findings underscore the need for enhanced learning and training, increased government support, and more enabling legislation to foster implementation of sustainable farming practices. Soil and nutrient loss, coupled with pest and disease incidence are contributing to widespread application of external fertilizers and pesticides that directly leads to environmental pollution, biodiversity loss and increased production costs. To address those issues, agricultural systems must adopt sustainable alternatives such as sustainable agriculture, resilient farming systems, and successful rural communities, avoiding resource depletion, as well as providing ecosystem services.