ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Agro-Food Safety
Development of a Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunoassay Based on Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets for the Detection of T-2 Toxin
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- 2M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg Long, Kajang, Malaysia
- 3Department of Preclinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg Long, Kajang, Malaysia
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A novel ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay has been established for the highly sensitive and selective detection of T-2 toxin, employing manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO₂ NS) with inherent oxidase-like activity. The sensing platform is based on gold nanoparticles encapsulated in MnO₂ nanosheets (AuNP@MnO₂), which enable dual-emission fluorescence monitoring for quantitative analysis. By recording the fluorescence intensity ratio (F₄₃₀/F₅₇₀), the method effectively minimizes environmental and instrumental interferences, providing enhanced precision and reliability. Under optimized conditions, the assay exhibited excellent linearity within the range of 0.082-60.00 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.068 ng/mL. It also demonstrated strong specificity with negligible cross-reactivity toward structurally related mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B₁, zearalenone, fumonisin B₁, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol. Moreover, the method achieved satisfactory recoveries (76.94-99.48%) in spiked corn samples, confirming its stability and reproducibility. This ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay provides a promising analytical approach for the rapid and accurate monitoring of T-2 toxin in food safety applications.
Keywords: T-2 Toxin, Manganese dioxide nanosheets, Ratiometric fluorescence, Immunoassay, Food Safety
Received: 04 Jul 2025; Accepted: 17 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ma, Ong, Teoh, Wang, Zhu, Liu and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yan Liu, jlu_liuyan@163.com
Juan Du, huyuqi777@163.com
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