PERSPECTIVE article
Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Agroecology and Ecosystem Services
Perspectives on pasture establishment in New Zealand dairy systems: Challenges, innovations, and agroecological implications
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Agriculture and Environment, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- 2Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Devon, United Kingdom
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The productivity and persistence of pasture species in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) are crucial for pastoral systems including the dairy, sheep, and beef industries and are predominantly based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Increasingly, farmers are exploring other simple grass/legume mixtures and also incorporating mixed species swards. This perspective paper critically examines the methods and challenges associated with pasture establishment, focusing on seed germination, sowing techniques, and post-establishment management. It discusses the influence of environmental factors including soil type, moisture, and temperature on seed germination and seedling persistence, alongside the impact of grazing practices on pasture longevity. Economic considerations and environmental impacts of various establishment methods, including overgrazing, chemical termination, and direct drilling, are examined. This perspective paper also covers the integration of new technologies such as precision agriculture, robotics, and advanced seed genetics, noting barriers to their adoption. From an agroecological perspective, we argue for a systems-based approach that integrates biodiversity, farmer knowledge, and long-term resilience into pasture renewal strategies. We also identify research gaps related to species persistence, climate adaptation, and policy support, and call for collaborative innovation to ensure the future productivity and ecological integrity of NZ pastoral system. Lastly, the paper highlights the need for further research into long-term pasture performance, species persistence, and the effectiveness of emerging technologies to optimize pasture management in NZ changing climate.
Keywords: Grazing management, overgrazing, Oversowing, pasture performance, Pasture renewal
Received: 14 Aug 2025; Accepted: 19 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cartmill, Rivero, Cartmill and Donaghy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Andrew D Cartmill, a.cartmill@massey.ac.nz
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