SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Social Movements, Institutions and Governance
Agricultural Research and Extension: Trends and Challenges in Peru and around the World (2015–2025)
Provisionally accepted
Yadhira M. Olano*
Juancarlos Cruz-Luis
Yeltsin Abel Alvarez Robledo
Beimer ChuquibalaMarielita Arce-Inga
Josué Tafur-CulquiFranklin Fernandez-ZárateLarry Garcia-Frias
Victor H Taboada-MitmaJorge Ganoza
Daniel Tineo
Malluri Goñas Goñas- INIA - Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Peru
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Agricultural extension, understood as producer-oriented guidance, is vital for driving technology adoption and sector development. This systematic review (2015–2025) examines global and national trends in agricultural research and extension, with a particular focus on Peru's policy landscape. Internationally, the U.S.A., China, and Europe are identified as leaders in scientific innovation, while Brazil excels regionally through its integrated approach to research, innovation, and extension. Agricultural research is still centralized in Lima on a national level, but expanding capability in areas like Amazonas, Junín, and Puno emphasizes how urgently decentralization is needed. By comparing national research output with MIDAGRI's Agrarian Development Plan 2021–2030 and relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the study reveals strong thematic alignment in innovation, food security, and climate adaptation. Crucially, however, significant shortcomings are identified in governance and the effective inclusion of small-scale producers. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening decentralized R&D investment, fostering interregional research networks, and promoting strategic collaboration among universities, local governments, and rural communities. Ensuring the active participation of producers in the innovation cycle is essential for building a more inclusive, resilient, and effective agricultural extension system aligned with sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Agricultural extension, Decentralization, inclusion, Innovation Systems, Peru, Rural Development
Received: 09 Oct 2025; Accepted: 27 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Olano, Cruz-Luis, Alvarez Robledo, Chuquibala, Arce-Inga, Tafur-Culqui, Fernandez-Zárate, Garcia-Frias, Taboada-Mitma, Ganoza, Tineo and Goñas Goñas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yadhira M. Olano
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