ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Tuberc.
Sec. Therapeutic Advances in Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Disease
This article is part of the Research TopicTuberculosis in Focus: Antibiotic Resistance and New Antimicrobial DrugsView all articles
Evaluation of a short, all oral treatment regimen including bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and pyrazinamide named "Regimen C" for pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger
Provisionally accepted
Soumana Boubacar Soumana1
Abdourahamane YACOUBA1,2*
Cheikh Aboubacar Abdoul Lawi3Ibrahim Oumar3Bassirou Souleymane4Alphazazi Soumana3
Ounoussa Tapha2Mahamadou Doutchi5Mamane Daou1
Souleymane BRAH1Eric Adehossi1Saidou Mamadou1,2- 1Universite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Faculte des Sciences de la Sante, Niamey, Niger
- 2National Reference Laboratory for tuberculosis, Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger
- 3Ministry of Public Health and Hygiene, National Program against Tuberculosis, Niamey, Niger
- 4Action Damien, Niamey, Niger
- 5Universite Andre Salifou, Zinder, Niger
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Background: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) poses a serious challenge to global tuberculosis control, particularly in high-burden countries like Niger. In 2021, a new fully oral, shorter treatment regimen, named regimen C, was adopted nationally. Aim: This study aimed to assess its effectiveness under programmatic conditions. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024. All patients with pre-XDR and XDR-TB treated in one of the four multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB units in Niger, who received the new standardized regimen and completed their treatment, were included in the study. Results: A total of 16 patients with pre-XDR-TB were included in the study. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were collected. The median age was 30.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 25-39 years], and 62.5% of patients were male. All patients had pulmonary pre-XDR TB. At the end of treatment, a therapeutic success rate of 75.0% was observed. Adverse events occurred in 88.0% of patients, including 2 cases (14.3%) of grade 4 adverse reactions. Undernourished patients tended to have an increased risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes, although this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the regimen evaluated in this study appears to be effective for the management of pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger, with a promising treatment success rate.
Keywords: Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Niger, Regimen C, XDR-tuberculosis
Received: 05 Oct 2025; Accepted: 15 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Boubacar Soumana, YACOUBA, Abdoul Lawi, Oumar, Souleymane, Soumana, Tapha, Doutchi, Daou, BRAH, Adehossi and Mamadou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Abdourahamane YACOUBA
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