REVIEW article
Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Animal Reproduction - Theriogenology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1586609
Fixed Time Artificial Insemination Technology in Buffaloes: A Review
Provisionally accepted
Hubdar Ali Ali Kolachi1,2
Xiaoming Zhang1Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon2
MUHAMMAD Shahzad1
Jesse Ayantoye1Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar2Mohammad Farooque Hassan2Omaima Mohammad Tawfik Kandil3Pengcheng Wan4*
Xueming Zhao1*- 1Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- 2Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
- 3Department of Reproductive Diseases Research, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (Egypt), Giza, Beni Suef, Egypt
- 4State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science (XAARS), Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China
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Buffalo occupies a leading position as a major livestock commodity and is the primary milk-producing animal in many countries like Italy, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Buffalo farming emphasizes the significance of effective reproductive strategies. Among effective reproductive strategy, artificial insemination has a significant influence on herd's genetic progress. Nonetheless, buffaloes exhibit unique reproductive behavior, which complicates the insemination process. These animals demonstrate inconsistent periods (ranging from 6-48 hours) of mounting acceptance. Therefore, timed artificial insemination (TAI) has surfaced as a useful technique for advancing buffalo breeding initiatives and omits the need for heat detection. TAI enhances reproductive management and genetic progress in buffaloes by synchronizing estrus and optimizing insemination timing. This review focuses on examining buffalo reproductive physiology, particularly emphasizing estrus synchronization protocols, ovulation, and TAI. We also provide a brief description of the factors influencing TAI success, such as hormonal treatments and environmental conditions. This review underscores TAI's importance identifies areas for further research and development and reinforces its central role in sustainable buffalo farming.
Keywords: Buffalo, Estrous synchronization, reproductive cycle, TAI, and FTAI protocols
Received: 03 Mar 2025; Accepted: 09 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Kolachi, Zhang, Rahimoon, Shahzad, Ayantoye, Panhwar, Hassan, Tawfik Kandil, Wan and Zhao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Pengcheng Wan, State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science (XAARS), Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China
Xueming Zhao, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, Beijing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.