About this Research Topic
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous group of disorders affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Clinically, it is characterized by hyperglycemia over a period of time and can be a result of either a deficiency in insulin secretion or insulin resistance by the liver and muscle cells. Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with several micro- and macrovascular complications which include retinopathy, neuropathies, nephropathy, poor wound healing, increase risk of infections, and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.
Chronic hyperglycemia has also been associated with various oral complications, particularly periodontal disease. Diabetic patients usually present with pronounced clinical and radiographic signs of periodontitis, such as gingival inflammation, increased pocketing, and increased attachment loss, bone, and tooth loss. Furthermore, these patients who have poor glycemic control may be at a higher risk for severe periodontitis.
Diabetes and its complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic periodontal disease (PD) may share common biological mechanisms. Apart from sharing the same common risk factors (e.g., smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity), these chronic health conditions may share underlying common biological pathways, the exacerbation of which may lead to an occurrence or a parallel occurrence (co-occurrence) of the other health outcomes. In other words, due to the shared main biological mechanisms, these chronic health conditions often occur in the same individuals revealing a co-morbid condition. They may jointly or adversely affect each other. Host inflammatory responses and their related factors may represent the biological pathways underlying the co-occurrence of these diseases.
The presence of severe chronic PD in the oral cavity may advantageously guide us to explore more on the potential individuals‘ general health condition as it may reflect such existing or undetected chronic diabetes or CVD risk factors. On the other hand, PD may contribute to diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease adverse events.
This Research Topic aims to investigate the mechanisms explaining the triad association between T2D, PD, and CVD, as either a sequencing pattern from T2D, PD, and CVD, or PD just as a clinical symptom or an oral manifestation of both T2D and CVD.
Chronic hyperglycemia has also been associated with various oral complications, particularly periodontal disease. Diabetic patients usually present with pronounced clinical and radiographic signs of periodontitis, such as gingival inflammation, increased pocketing, and increased attachment loss, bone, and tooth loss. Furthermore, these patients who have poor glycemic control may be at a higher risk for severe periodontitis.
Diabetes and its complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic periodontal disease (PD) may share common biological mechanisms. Apart from sharing the same common risk factors (e.g., smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity), these chronic health conditions may share underlying common biological pathways, the exacerbation of which may lead to an occurrence or a parallel occurrence (co-occurrence) of the other health outcomes. In other words, due to the shared main biological mechanisms, these chronic health conditions often occur in the same individuals revealing a co-morbid condition. They may jointly or adversely affect each other. Host inflammatory responses and their related factors may represent the biological pathways underlying the co-occurrence of these diseases.
The presence of severe chronic PD in the oral cavity may advantageously guide us to explore more on the potential individuals‘ general health condition as it may reflect such existing or undetected chronic diabetes or CVD risk factors. On the other hand, PD may contribute to diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease adverse events.
This Research Topic aims to investigate the mechanisms explaining the triad association between T2D, PD, and CVD, as either a sequencing pattern from T2D, PD, and CVD, or PD just as a clinical symptom or an oral manifestation of both T2D and CVD.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, oral health, periodontal health, HbA1C, bidirectional pathway, insulin, risk factor, cardiovascular disease
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