%A Hölzemer,Angelique %A Garcia-Beltran,Wilfredo F. %A Altfeld,Marcus %D 2017 %J Frontiers in Immunology %C %F %G English %K HIV-1,innate immunity,NK cells,KIR,HLA class I,HLA-F,HLA-E %Q %R 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01496 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2017-November-14 %9 Review %+ Angelique Hölzemer,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Germany,angelique.hoelzemer@leibniz-hpi.de %+ Angelique Hölzemer,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems,Germany,angelique.hoelzemer@leibniz-hpi.de %# %! NK-cell interactions with classical and non-classical HLA class I in HIV-1 %* %< %T Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Classical and Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I in HIV-1 Infection %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01496 %V 8 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 1664-3224 %X Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to mount a multifaceted antiviral response within hours following infection. This is achieved through an array of cell surface receptors surveilling host cells for alterations in human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression and other ligands as signs of viral infection, malignant transformation, and cellular stress. This interaction between HLA-I ligands and NK-cell receptor is not only important for recognition of diseased cells but also mediates tuning of NK-cell-effector functions. HIV-1 alters the expression of HLA-I ligands on infected cells, rendering them susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing. However, over the past years, various HIV-1 evasion strategies have been discovered to target NK-cell-receptor ligands and allow the virus to escape from NK cell-mediated immunity. While studies have been mainly focusing on the role of polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules, less is known about how HIV-1 affects the more conserved, non-classical HLA-I molecules HLA-E, -G, and -F. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in understanding the role of non-classical HLA-I ligands in NK cell-mediated recognition of HIV-1-infected cells.