Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the images in the published figures.
During the investigation, the authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. As a result, the data and conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted.
This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Oncology and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors agree to this retraction.
Summary
Citation
Office FE (2026) Retraction: Pigment epithelium-derived factor promotes the growth and migration of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 16:1811216. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1811216
Received
14 February 2026
Revised
14 February 2026
Accepted
14 February 2026
Published
24 February 2026
Approved by
Luisa Lanfrancone, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Italy
Volume
16 - 2026
Updates
Copyright
© 2026 Office.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, research.integrity@frontiersin.org
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