In the published article, there was an error in the Title. Instead of “Reevaluating hikikomori: challenging assumptions and redefining loneliness in Japan”, it should be “Reevaluating hikikomori and challenging loneliness assumptions in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide internet sample”.
In the published article, there was an error in the Affiliations. Instead of “Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita, Japan”, it should be “Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan”.
In the published article, there was an error in the Abstract, Paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated: “A sample of 623 participants, representative of Japanese internet users aged 16 and above, underwent factor analysis.”
The corrected sentence appears below:
“A sample of 623 participants, representative of Japanese internet users aged 16 and above, was included for analysis.”
In the published article, there was an error in the Keywords. Instead of “loneliness, hikikomori, social withdrawal, outgoing behaviors, mental health”, the keywords should be “loneliness, hikikomori, social withdrawal, outgoing behaviors, mental health, cross-sectional, secondary analysis, nationwide sample”.
In the published article, there was an error in Table 2, column 4, row 7. The high score for ‘Killing time’, rarely/never, was incorrectly captured as “25 (146%)”. The correct score is “25 (14.6%)”.
In the published article, there was an error in Table 2, column 3, row 47. The low score for ‘P2P and FTP’, sometimes, was incorrectly captured as “42 (11.5%)”. The correct score is “52 (11.5%)”.
In the published article, there was an error in Table 2, column 3, row 53. The low score for ‘Online survey or quiz’, sometimes, was incorrectly captured as “78 (7.3%)”. The correct score is “78 (17.3%)”.
In the published article, there was an error in Table 2, column 3, row 60. The low score for ‘Online shopping/auctions’, often/always, was incorrectly captured as “179 (29.6%)”. The correct score is “179 (39.6%)”.
The corrected Table 2 appears below:
Table 2
| UCLA loneliness scores | Mean | SD | Eta squared | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lower scores | higher scores | p value | |||||
| Official purpose (study/work) | rarely/never | 211 (46.7%) | 72 (42.1%) | 0.238 | 43.0 | 12.1 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 81 (17.9%) | 26 (15.2%) | 41.9 | 12.0 | |||
| often/always | 160 (35.4%) | 73 (42.7%) | 41.8 | 12.2 | |||
| Stress release | rarely/never | 201 (44.5%) | 60 (35.1%) | 0.001 | 40.9 | 12.0 | 0.02 |
| sometimes | 128 (28.3%) | 38 (22.2%) | 42.2 | 10.2 | |||
| often/always | 123 (27.2%) | 73 (42.7%) | 44.4 | 13.6 | |||
| Killing time | rarely/never | 105 (23.2%) | 25 (14.6%) | 0.005 | 38.9 | 10.6 | 0.03 |
| sometimes | 123 (27.2%) | 37 (21.6%) | 41.8 | 10.3 | |||
| often/always | 224 (49.6%) | 109 (63.7%) | 44.0 | 13.2 | |||
| Communication | rarely/never | 223 (49.3%) | 96 (56.1%) | 0.267 | 43.7 | 12.3 | 0.02 |
| sometimes | 116 (25.7%) | 41 (24%) | 42.0 | 11.7 | |||
| often/always | 113 (25%) | 34 (19.9%) | 39.8 | 11.8 | |||
| Associating | rarely/never | 359 (78.8%) | 128 (74.9%) | 0.026 | 42.2 | 12.3 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 59 (13.1%) | 17 (9.9%) | 41.8 | 11.4 | |||
| often/always | 37 (8.2%) | 26 (15.2%) | 44.4 | 11.9 | |||
| Expanding hobbies and network of friends | rarely/never | 341 (75.4%) | 132 (77.2%) | 0.549 | 42.6 | 12.2 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 56 (12.4%) | 16 (9.4%) | 41.3 | 10.0 | |||
| often/always | 55 (12.2%) | 23 (13.5%) | 41.8 | 13.7 | |||
| Resourcing | rarely/never | 26 (5.8%) | 5 (2.9%) | 0.258 | 42.1 | 8.7 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 59 (13.1%) | 19 (11.1%) | 42.6 | 11.0 | |||
| often/always | 367 (81.2%) | 147 (86%) | 42.4 | 12.5 | |||
| Sharing problems | rarely/never | 376 (83.2%) | 135 (78.9%) | 0.46 | 42.0 | 12.2 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 50 (11.1%) | 23 (13.5%) | 44.1 | 11.1 | |||
| often/always | 26 (5.8%) | 13 (7.6%) | 44.5 | 12.6 | |||
| Building community network | rarely/never | 388 (85.8%) | 153 (89.5%) | 0.421 | 42.8 | 12.4 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 27 (6%) | 9 (5.3%) | 40.6 | 9.5 | |||
| often/always | 37 (8.2%) | 9 (5.3%) | 38.7 | 10.6 | |||
| Online dating | rarely/never | 441 (97.6%) | 158 (92.4%) | 0.011 | 42.1 | 12.1 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 5 (1.1%) | 5 (2.9%) | 47.5 | 10.4 | |||
| often/always | 6 (1.3%) | 8 (4.7%) | 50.6 | 12.9 | |||
| Assessing pornography | rarely/never | 371 (82.1%) | 121 (70.8%) | 0.008 | 41.5 | 11.9 | 0.02 |
| sometimes | 49 (10.8%) | 31 (18.1%) | 45.4 | 12.5 | |||
| often/always | 32 (7.1%) | 19 (11.1%) | 45.8 | 13.0 | |||
| Using anonymous online bulletin boards (2ch etc.) | rarely/never | 316 (69.9%) | 93 (54.4%) | <.001 | 40.9 | 11.3 | 0.03 |
| sometimes | 87 (19.2%) | 40 (23.4%) | 44.0 | 12.2 | |||
| often/always | 49 (10.8%) | 38 (22.2%) | 46.9 | 14.4 | |||
| Blogging and SNS | rarely/never | 219 (48.5%) | 83 (48.5%) | 0.894 | 42.3 | 12.1 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 86 (19%) | 35 (20.5%) | 43.3 | 11.4 | |||
| often/always | 147 (32.5%) | 53 (31%) | 41.9 | 12.7 | |||
| Release personal updates and work presentations | rarely/never | 380 (84.1%) | 139 (81.3%) | 0.246 | 42.4 | 12.2 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 32 (7.1%) | 19 (11.1%) | 44.2 | 11.7 | |||
| often/always | 40 (8.8%) | 13 (7.6%) | 40.6 | 11.8 | |||
| Assessing Youtube/iTunes etc. | rarely/never | 210 (46.5%) | 54 (31.6%) | 0.003 | 40.8 | 11.0 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 114 (25.2%) | 53 (31%) | 44.1 | 12.3 | |||
| often/always | 128 (28.3%) | 64 (37.4%) | 43.1 | 13.3 | |||
| P2P and FTP | rarely/never | 364 (80.5%) | 128 (74.9%) | 0.298 | 42.3 | 12.4 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 52 (11.5%) | 25 (14.6%) | 42.7 | 10.3 | |||
| often/always | 36 (8%) | 18 (10.5%) | 42.6 | 12.7 | |||
| Online gaming | rarely/never | 382 (84.5%) | 134 (78.4%) | 0.05 | 41.9 | 12.2 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 43 (9.5%) | 17 (9.9%) | 43.5 | 10.7 | |||
| often/always | 27 (6%) | 20 (11.7%) | 46.0 | 12.8 | |||
| Online survey or quiz | rarely/never | 27 (6%) | 12 (7%) | 0.891 | 46.0 | 12.6 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 78 (17.3%) | 29 (17%) | 42.2 | 11.7 | |||
| often/always | 347 (76.8%) | 130 (76%) | 42.1 | 12.2 | |||
| Financial transaction | rarely/never | 227 (50.2%) | 96 (56.1%) | 0.294 | 43.2 | 12.5 | 0.01 |
| sometimes | 110 (24.3%) | 41 (24%) | 42.9 | 11.6 | |||
| often/always | 115 (25.4%) | 34 (19.9%) | 40.0 | 11.7 | |||
| Online shopping/auctions | rarely/never | 99 (21.9%) | 33 (19.3%) | 0.393 | 41.6 | 10.8 | 0.00 |
| sometimes | 174 (38.5%) | 60 (35.1%) | 42.5 | 11.6 | |||
| often/always | 179 (39.6%) | 78 (45.6%) | 42.7 | 13.2 | |||
Distributions of UCLA loneliness scores among different Internet use habits.
Chi-square test were used to explore the relationship between loneliness and various everyday internet use habits. To ensure the validity of our statistical tests, the homogeneity of variances using Levene’s and Welch’s tests were assessed. One-way ANOVA to facilitate the comparison of means. Effect sizes, employing Cohen’s classification for eta-squared were calculated to gauge the magnitude of effects, small (.01), medium (.06), or large (.14). (N=623).
The author apologizes for these errors and states that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Statements
Publisher’s note
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Summary
Keywords
loneliness, hikikomori, social withdrawal, outgoing behaviors, mental health, cross-sectional, secondary analysis, nationwide sample
Citation
Yong R (2024) Corrigendum: Reevaluating hikikomori and challenging loneliness assumptions in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide internet sample. Front. Psychiatry 15:1396070. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396070
Received
05 March 2024
Accepted
17 April 2024
Published
07 May 2024
Volume
15 - 2024
Edited and reviewed by
Lené Levy-Storms, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Updates
Copyright
© 2024 Yong.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Roseline Yong, roselineyong@med.akita-u.ac.jp
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.