RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health

Fareed, Zeeshan; Bashir, Muhammad Farhan; Bilal,; Salem, Sultan

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health, 23 December 2021

Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome

Volume 9 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248

This article is part of the Research TopicPublic Health, Governance, Green Environment and EconomyView all 49 articles

RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health

Retracted

A retraction of this article was approved in:

Retraction: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health
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Zeeshan Fareed¹

Muhammad Farhan Bashir²

Bilal³

Sultan Salem⁴^*

¹School of Economics and Management, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
²School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, China
³Accounting School, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, China
⁴Department of Economics (DoE), Birmingham Business School (BBS), College of Social Sciences (CoSS), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

This article has been retracted. Please follow the link to the full retraction notice for details.

Citation: Fareed Z, Bashir MF, Bilal and Salem S (2021) Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health. Front. Public Health 9:815248. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248

Received: 15 November 2021; Accepted: 22 November 2021;
Published: 23 December 2021; Retracted: 07 August 2025.

Edited by:

Suleman Sarwar, Jeddah University, Saudi Arabia

Reviewed by:

Mubeen Abdur Rehman, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Asma Kanwal, Sichuan University, China

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