ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Earth Sci.

Sec. Sedimentology, Stratigraphy and Diagenesis

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/feart.2025.1626431

Paleogeomorphology Reconstruction and Its Control on Sand Dispersal Systems: A Case Study from the Pinghu Formation in the Hangzhou Slope Belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin

Provisionally accepted
Qin  LanzhiQin Lanzhi1Jie  XuJie Xu2,3,4*Liu  HaoLiu Hao2,3,4Donghao  XuDonghao Xu1Cai  KunCai Kun1
  • 1CNOOC Shanghai Branch, Shanghai 200030, China, Shanghai, China
  • 2School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China, Beijing, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China,, Beijing, China
  • 4Hainan institute of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China, Sanya, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Paleogeomorphology, as a key factor influencing depositional environments, plays a crit-ical role in sedimentary processes and sediment distribution. Although considerable re-search has been conducted on paleogeomorphology and its control on sand bodies in the Xihu Sag, most studies have focused on reconstructing the overall geomorphic framework of the basin. However, limited attention has been given to the fine-scale reconstruction of intra-basin micro-geomorphology and its control on the types and distribution patterns of sedimentary sand bodies, especially the Hangzhou Slope area have received limited attention. This study applies the seismic virtual extrapolation method and mudstone sonic analysis to reconstruct the paleogeomorphology of the Pinghu Formation in the Hang-zhou Slope Belt of the Xihu Sag, aiming to elucidate the control of paleogeomorphic features on sedimentary sand body distribution. Based on detailed geological investigation and sedimentary analysis, combined with paleogeomorphic reconstruction techniques, geomorphic units and their spatial assemblages are identified, and the mechanisms by which variations in paleogeomorphic morphology and slope gradient influence sediment dispersal patterns are revealed. The reconstruction delineates the study area into four zones: steep uplifted areas, gently uplifted areas, slope-basin transitional zones, and basin areas. Integrated with sedimentary facies analysis, it is found that the gently uplifted areas are dominated by delta plain deposits, the slope-basin transitional zones dominated by delta front deposits, and the basin areas dominated by tidal sand ridges and shallow marine mudstones. Micro-geomorphic variations significantly affect sedimentary differentiation across zones. Areas with multiple types of slope breaks and moderate gradients tend to develop delta plain, delta front, and tidal sand ridge deposits; areas with fewer slope break types and gentler slopes favor delta plain and delta front deposition, with limited shelf sands in the delta front; while areas with steeper slopes and fewer slope breaks primarily develop delta plain and delta front deposits. This study enhances the understanding of the interaction between paleogeomorphology and sedimentation and provides new insights and approaches for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and hydrocarbon exploration.

Keywords: Xihu Sag, Hangzhou Slope Belt, Virtual Extrapolation Method, Paleogeomorphology, Sedimentary systems

Received: 10 May 2025; Accepted: 10 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Lanzhi, Xu, Hao, Xu and Kun. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Jie Xu, School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China, Beijing, China

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