ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Educ.
Sec. Digital Learning Innovations
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Stakeholder Perception Scale of Supervisors' Digital Competencies for Performance Excellence (SDC-PE)
Provisionally accepted
Ansar Ansar1*
Arismunandar Arismunandar1
Rasdiana Rasdiana2Siti Ma'rifatin2Fantika Vera Entrisnasari2Rizqi Nindhiani3- 1Department of Education of Administration, State University of Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
- 2Department of Education of Administration, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
- 3Department of Primary Education, State University of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Despite growing interest in educational digital leadership and supervision, validated instruments measuring supervisors' digital competencies for their performance excellence (SDC-PE) remain scarce, particularly in developing nations. This study developed and validated the SDC-PE scale through stakeholder perceptions of 318 principals and teachers across 78 senior high schools in 17 districts of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The SDC-PE integrates classical supervision theories (Cogan, Goldhammer, Glickman) with ISTE Standards and DigCompEdu 2.2, yielding four dimensions: Strategic Digital Leadership, Digital Culture Promotion, Teacher Digital Development, and Digital Learning Facilitation. Confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) using PLS-SEM demonstrated excellent psychometric properties: factor loadings (0.839-0.936), composite reliability (0.933-0.955), AVE (0.776-0.811), and model fit indices exceeding thresholds (CFI=0.968, TLI=0.960, RMSEA=0.072). Discriminant validity was confirmed through Fornell-Larcker criterion and HTMT ratios (<0.85). The SDC-PE provides educational institutions with an empirically validated assessment tool for evaluating supervisor digital competencies, designing targeted professional development.
Keywords: digital competence4, digital supervision2, digital supervisory3, educational supervision1, supervisor performance5
Received: 12 Sep 2025; Accepted: 15 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ansar, Arismunandar, Rasdiana, Ma'rifatin, Entrisnasari and Nindhiani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ansar Ansar
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