ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Educ.
Sec. Teacher Education
The Effect of Culturally-Integrated TEE Model Teaching Materials on Secondary School Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Cultural Literacy Competence
Provisionally accepted
Lalu Sumardi1,2*
Sawaludin Sawaludin1Muhamad Mustari1Fatimah Sialana3Tohap Simaremare4Annisa Saputri1- 1University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
- 2Universitas Mataram Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Mataram, Indonesia
- 3Universitas Pattimura, Teluk Ambon, Indonesia
- 4Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
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This study examines the effect of culturally integrated TEE model-based Pancasila and Civic Education teaching materials on students' critical thinking and cultural literacy competence and explores differences in students' critical thinking and cultural literacy based on gender. The field testing employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with total of 64 students participated in the study, with participants randomly and evenly distributed across the control and experimental groups. Data were collected through questionnaires and cultural literacy tests, and analyzed using MANOVA. Research findings are: 1) The culturally integrated TEE model-based Pancasila and Civic Education teaching materials had a statistically significant partial and simultaneous effect on students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy competence. 2) Male students demonstrated higher levels of critical thinking and cultural literacy than female students. In the experimental group, the N-gain score for critical thinking was 0.73 for female students and 0.77 for male students. In the control group, the N-gain score was 0.29 for female students and 0.33 for male students. For cultural literacy, the N-gain score in the experimental group was 0.69 for female students and 0.79 for male students, while in the control group it was 0.41 for female students and 0.42 for male students. These findings indicate that the culturally integrated TEE model-based Pancasila and Civic Education teaching materials effectively enhance students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy.
Keywords: Teaching Materials, TEE model, culturally-based approach, Critical Thinking, Cultural literacy
Received: 07 Oct 2025; Accepted: 17 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Sumardi, Sawaludin, Mustari, Sialana, Simaremare and Saputri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lalu Sumardi
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