ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Educ.
Sec. Teacher Education
Teacher Training and Curriculum Implementation in Universities in Somaliland: A Cross-Sectional Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia
- 2Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Effective teacher training is essential for academic success, yet its impact remains under-explored in developing contexts. This study investigated the relationship between teacher training as a professional development (TPD) approach and undergraduate curriculum implementation in Somaliland universities. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, surveying 270 university teachers and 1,350 students across four purposively selected higher education institutions. Three training modalities—on-the-job, off-the-job, and e-training—were examined in relation to curriculum implementation. Engagement with all modalities was moderate on a 5-point Likert scale (M = 3.17–3.20). Correlations between each training modality and curriculum implementation were strong (r = .85–.89, p < .001). The shared variance between the variables was substantial (𝑅2 = .951), and standardized effects were comparable across modalities (β = 0.33 – 0.34, p < 0.001). Higher engagement in e-training was associated with slightly higher levels of curriculum implementation compared to on-the-job and off-the-job training. Findings indicate that structured, blended training is positively associated with curriculum implementation in resource-constrained higher education systems.
Keywords: blended learning, Curriculum implementation, Somaliland, Teacher professional development, teacher training, Universities
Received: 13 Dec 2025; Accepted: 11 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Ali, Seyoum, Basha and Negassa. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Tawakal Abdi Ali
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