The journal retracts the 2022 article cited above.
Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the contributions of the authors of the article. Our investigation, conducted in accordance with Frontiers policies, confirmed a serious breach of our authorship policies and of publication ethics; the article is therefore retracted.
This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Environmental Science and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction.
Summary
Keywords
Commercial regulations, FDI, Interaction term, Pollution heaven hypothesis, Environmental kuznets curve
Citation
Frontiers Editorial Office (2023) Retraction: Is the interaction of commercial regulation with foreign direct investment a source of heaven or EKC hypothesis? An empirical investigation of the BRICS region. Front. Environ. Sci. 11:1285240. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1285240
Received
29 August 2023
Accepted
30 August 2023
Published
04 September 2023
Approved by
Raisa Mäkipää, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland
Volume
11 - 2023
Updates
Copyright
© 2023 Frontiers Editorial Office.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, research.integrity@frontiersin.org
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.