REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegrating Multi-Omics to Explore Circulating and Tissue Immune Cell Profiles in Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyView all articles
The Role of MiRNA-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment in Bone Metastasis from a Multi-Omics Perspective: Cross-Cancer Mechanisms and Clinical Translation
Provisionally accepted
- 1Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- 2Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
- 3Physical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, , Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China., Hohhot, China
- 4Department of Orthopaedics, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, , Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China., Hohhot, China
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Bone metastasis is a highly prevalent complication in patients with advanced prostate, breast, and lung cancers, which significantly affects the patient's prognosis. In recent years, the integration of multi-omics technologies has provided unprecedented insights into the systematic analysis of the highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment at a systemic level. This review begins with a cross-cancer comparison, systematically outlining the functional similarities and differences in key microenvironment components (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, osteoclasts, and T cells) in bone metastasis across these three cancer types. It emphasizes how miRNAs mediate intercellular communication via exosomes to coordinately regulate immune evasion, stromal activation, and bone metabolic reprogramming. We further explored the translational potential of miRNA-based liquid biopsies (e.g., miR-141-3p and miR-34a) for diagnosing and prognosticating bone metastasis in breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Finally, this article looks ahead at how integrating multi-omics data with AI predictive models can overcome current delivery and safety challenges, advancing miRNA research towards the ultimate goal of precision medicine.
Keywords: biomarker, bone metastasis, cross-cancer comparison, exosome, miRNA, multi-omics, targeted therapy, Tumor Microenvironment
Received: 24 Dec 2025; Accepted: 13 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Gu, Zhu and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Peng-fei Li
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