MINI REVIEW article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Urology
This article is part of the Research TopicManagement Of Pediatric Testicular MicrolithiasisView all 4 articles
Pediatric Testicular Microlithiasis in Children: A Review of Epidemiology, risk associations, and Management
Provisionally accepted
- 1Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- 2University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- 3Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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Testicular microlithiasis is defined by the presence of five or more randomly distributed hyperechogenic microliths, each measuring less than 3 mm in diameter, observed in a single ultrasound scan. The histological definition of testicular microlithiasis requires the demonstration of multiple laminated calcifications within seminiferous tubules. The underlying cause of these calcifications is not yet fully understood. The exact prevalence of Testicular microlithiasis in children remains uncertain and continues to be a topic of debate. These calcifications can occur either independently, in association with various benign or testicular pathologies or with specific congenital disorders. Whether these associations are causal or coincidental remains unclear. The aim of this study is to review the prevalence of TM in children, with a focus on its histological characteristics, underlying mechanisms, contributing factors, and to investigate its association with testicular malignancy in order to propose a pragmatic follow-up approach based on current guideline recommendations.
Keywords: Prevalence, Children, Testicular microlithiasis, Histology, Management
Received: 31 Dec 2024; Accepted: 16 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 ZITOUNI, dghaies, Kechiche and mhiri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: HAYET ZITOUNI
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