CASE REPORT article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Infectious Diseases
This article is part of the Research TopicImmunology of Human Fungal Pathogens: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic StrategiesView all 9 articles
Subclavian Mycotic Aneurysm Caused by Aspergillus flavus in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report
Provisionally accepted
Belkıs Hatice İnceli1*
Halil Özdemir2
Gul Arga2
Elif İnce2Döndü Nilay Penezoğlu2Hasan Fatih Çakmaklı2Hayreddin Aknar2
Merve Havan2Meltem Koloğlı2Ömer Suat Fitöz2Evren Özçınar2Levent Yazıcıoğlu2Serpil Sak2
Tanıl Kendirli2Ergin Çiftçi2- 1Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- 2Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Türkiye
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Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised children, particularly those receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. We report a 2-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed massive hemoptysis during consolidation chemotherapy. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a saccular pseudoaneurysm of the proximal left subclavian artery. Surgical resection and autologous vein graft replacement were performed, and Aspergillus flavus DNA was detected by Aspergillus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the resected tissue. The patient received dual antifungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, followed by long-term voriconazole prophylaxis, and made a full recovery. This case highlights the importance of considering angioinvasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised children presenting with hemoptysis and lung lesions, and the value of early multidisciplinary management to prevent fatal vascular complications.
Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Aspergillus flavus, Child, invasive aspergillosis, Mycotic aneurysm
Received: 31 Oct 2025; Accepted: 18 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 İnceli, Özdemir, Arga, İnce, Penezoğlu, Çakmaklı, Aknar, Havan, Koloğlı, Fitöz, Özçınar, Yazıcıoğlu, Sak, Kendirli and Çiftçi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Belkıs Hatice İnceli
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