Your new experience awaits. Try the new design now and help us make it even better

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Pediatr.

Sec. Pediatric Cardiology

Factors Influencing Diagnostic Discrepancy Between Preoperative Transthoracic Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Angiography in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Intervention: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Provisionally accepted
Huimin OuHuimin Ou1Qingsong WangQingsong Wang2Xiaomeng ZhangXiaomeng Zhang1Fuyan LiFuyan Li1Yanfeng YangYanfeng Yang3Xuehong JiXuehong Ji1Yan BaiYan Bai1Tongyong LUOTongyong LUO1*Xianmin WangXianmin Wang1*
  • 1Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
  • 2West China Hospital Sichuan University Jintang Hospital, 中国四川省成都市, China
  • 3Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Select one of your emails

You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:

Notify me on publication

Please enter your email address:

If you already have an account, please login

You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here

Discrepancies between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and angiocardiography in assessing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) dimensions may impact transcatheter closure outcomes. This multicenter retrospective study included 216 pediatric patients who underwent PDA closure, aiming to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of TTE-angiocardiography measurement discrepancy (defined as ≥0.5 mm difference). Overall, 45.4% of patients exhibited significant discrepancy. Multivariate analysis identified tubular PDA morphology (OR = 2.71, P = 0.004), small PDA size (<2.5 mm, OR = 3.42, p < 0.001), preterm birth (OR = 2.87, p = 0.003), growth retardation (OR = 2.19, p = 0.022), and abnormal ECG, chest X-ray, or cardiac enzymes (ORs: 1.96–2.05, all p < 0.05) as independent predictors. Measurement agreement was highest for funnel-type and larger PDAs. Nearly half of pediatric PDA cases show clinically relevant TTE-angiography discordance, particularly in patients with tubular morphology, small size, prematurity, or systemic abnormalities. These factors should prompt cautious interpretation of TTE and consideration of intraoperative angiographic confirmation to optimize device selection and procedural success.

Keywords: CardiovascularAngiography, Influencing factors, Interventional therapy, Measurement discrepancy, patent ductus arteriosus, transthoracic echocardiography

Received: 27 Oct 2025; Accepted: 11 Feb 2026.

Copyright: © 2026 Ou, Wang, Zhang, Li, Yang, Ji, Bai, LUO and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Tongyong LUO
Xianmin Wang

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material