REVIEW article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Children and Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543044
Global Burden and Risk Factors of Childhood Cardiovascular Disease (1990–2021)
Provisionally accepted
- 1Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
- 2The University of Kitakyushu, kitakyushu, Japan
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background: Childhood cardiovascular disease (CCVD) is a significant global health threat, with early risk factor accumulation potentially exerting profound impacts on cardiovascular health in adulthood. However, global data analyses on the burden of CCVD remain limited, particularly regarding variations across socio-demographic index (SDI) levels and effects of major risk factors.Objective: This study aimed to investigate worldwide patterns in the incidence and mortality of CCVD between 1990 and 2021 and examine how these trends vary by SDI, gender, age, and major environmental risk factors.Methods: This study analyzed the incidence, mortality, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of CCVD in children aged 0 to 14 years during 1990 -2021. Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and correlation analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of SDI, gender, age, and environmental risks on the disease burden.
Keywords: childhood cardiovascular disease, health burden, EAPC, health inequality, GBD
Received: 10 Dec 2024; Accepted: 19 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, ZHANG and Gao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: NAN ZHANG, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.