Trust, Trust Repair, and Public Health: A Scoping Review 1 2

Peter Kalulu¹Aubrey Fisher¹Grace Whitter¹Ipek Sener¹Michelle Doering¹David Carter¹Matthew Gabel¹Jimin Ding¹Michael Esposito²Caitlin McMurtry¹Pradeep Sopory³Mark Huffman^1*

• ¹Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
• ²University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minneapolis, United States
• ³Wayne State University, Detroit, United States

This study investigates the scope of evidence on trust, trust repair, and public health. We identified quantitative studies that evaluated the relationship between trust or trust repair and public health from January 1990 to May 2023. Results were stratified evaluating trust as an exposure or outcome and reporting on trust repair. Data are reported on spatiotemporal trends in publications, level of trust (institutional trust, generalized trust, and interpersonal trust), types of trust measures used, objects and determinants of trust, and associations between trust and public health behaviors. Among 194 included studies, most (86%, 166/194) were published after the COVID-19 pandemic and in high-income countries. Among 40 reports that evaluated trust as an outcome, most (52%) evaluated trust in government. Socioeconomic factors (n = 18), perceived government performance (n = 14), and media/information (n = 8) were the most common determinants overall and for institutional trust. Three reports focused on trust repair (n = 2) or maintenance (n = 1). This review provides a roadmap for future research on evaluating and improving trust and public health.Trust is crucial for effective functioning of public health systems; however, limited research on this topic exists.