ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Children and Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1574208
This article is part of the Research TopicCOVID-19 - Lessons Learned in PediatricsView all 4 articles
One Size Doesn't Fit All: Regional Dynamics in Pediatric Emergency Visits During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Provisionally accepted- 1University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- 4Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Geneva Children’s Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- 5Pediatric Emergency Department, Institute of Pediatrics of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- 6Professional Association of Swiss Pediatricians in Private Practice, Dietikon, Switzerland
- 7Professional Association of Swiss Pediatricians in Private Practice, Winterthur, Switzerland
- 8Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- 9School of Health Science, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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The Swiss government implemented lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to contain outbreaks and prevent healthcare system overload. Emergency department (ED) visits were discouraged, leading to a decline in utilization, except for urgent cases. However, little is known about regional variations in pediatric ED use and spatial distribution patterns across Switzerland. This study aimed to analyze changes in pediatric ED catchment areas over time across three Swiss centers and explore implications for future healthcare crises.We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study at three tertiary pediatric EDs in Zurich, Bellinzona, and Geneva, covering different language regions. Data from March 2018 to February 2022 included daily pediatric ED visits, patient demographics, and postal codes. We categorized the timeline into pre-pandemic (before March 11, 2020), pandemic (March 11, 2020 -March 22, 2021), and post-pandemic (after March 22, 2021) phases. Travel distances were analyzed using driving distance matrices along the Swiss road network, and geovisualization techniques were applied to illustrate regional variations and policy impacts.Results: Among 294,409 recorded ED visits (158,643 in Zurich, 32,332 in Bellinzona, 103,434 in Geneva), ED visits declined by approximately 50% during the lockdown. Before the pandemic, patients living closer to hospitals visited more frequently. During the pandemic, the decline was most pronounced among nearby residents, while post-pandemic utilization shifted toward patients living farther away. Regional differences were observed: travel distances remained stable in Zurich; in Bellinzona, they increased by nearly 11%; and decreased by 3% in Geneva.The pandemic significantly influenced pediatric ED utilization in Switzerland, with long-term shifts in healthcare-seeking behavior. Despite uniform national regulations, utilization patterns varied across language regions, suggesting multifactorial influences. Geographic visualization provided insights into catchment area changes, offering a valuable tool for healthcare planning. These findings highlight the need for region-specific strategies in future healthcare crises, and our approach can be applied to other Swiss regions and similar global settings.
Keywords: Regional dynamics, pediatric, Emergency departments, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, health geography
Received: 21 Feb 2025; Accepted: 01 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Seiler, Biland, Gruebner, Manzano, Gualco, Sidler, Laasner, Dratva and von Rhein. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Julia Dratva, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Michael von Rhein, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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