Exploring Key Factors Related to Child Well-being A Community-Based Participatory Research together with children with migration background residing in socio-economically disadvantaged areas of Malmö, Sweden

Louise Olivia Gith Burenby Yxne^1,2,3*Rathi Ramji^1,2,3Elisabeth Mangrio^1,2,3,4Katarina Sjögren Forss^1,2,3Therese Sterner^1,2,3Margareta Rämgård^1,2

• ¹Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
• ²Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
• ³Citizen Health, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
• ⁴Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare, Faculty of Culture and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

Background: Children with migration background, living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, are exposed to numerous risk that can negatively affect their well-being. Understanding which key factors build and enable well-being of children with these experiences are therefore essential to support and strengthen their positive development and possibilities to feel well. Studies that include children's own perspectives and voices in initiatives that concerns them is however scarce, and there is an increased need for participation of children with diverse experiences and life situations in research and knowledge production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, through a participatory process, explore and enhance the understanding of key factors in the social context that contribute to child well-being among children with a migration background.Methods: Thirty-one children, aged 9-12, from three disadvantaged areas in Malmö, Sweden, participated together with researchers in a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) team, exploring factors related to their well-being in their social context. Multi-stage focus groups were held over a year (2023)(2024), with different sessions facilitating dialogue on the research topic. In total, 49 sessions took place, each on average duration of 1,5 hours. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Results: Four main themes, representing key factors related to child well-being, were identified: Enriching Leisure Time, Resourceful Places, Belonging to a Community and Welfare System and Rights. The themes covered structural aspects, such as school, healthcare and human rights, but also more personal dimensions, like close relations and the near environment, related to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human development.The dialogues with the children provided a deeper understanding and a holistic view of the perceptions of children with migration backgrounds residing in socio-economically disadvantaged areas regarding essential factors for their well-being. Future research should focus on developing strategies that ensure children's access to the factors they have identified as fundamental to their wellbeing. Our study has further shown that it is pivotal to ensure children's inclusion and participation in health promotion initiatives. These initiatives need to be contextually relevant and work towards building community capacity, to promote child well-being.