ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Occupational Health and Safety
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1591691
This article is part of the Research TopicNavigating Environmental Hazards in the Workplace: Impacts and InterventionsView all 5 articles
The Mediating Role of Safety Behavior in the Relationship between Safety Climate and Safety Outcomes among Sanitary Workers in Pakistan
Provisionally accepted
Dr Nadia Nisar1,2*
Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat1
Dayana Hazwani Mohd Suadi Nata3
Nurul Farahana Kamaludin3Ismarulyusda Ishak3
Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad2,4*- 1Centre for Community Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 2National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- 3Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 4University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Introduction: Sanitary workers are regarded as the foundation of society due to their essential role in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. In Pakistan, sanitation tasks are conducted manually, resulting in adverse health consequences for workers. Objective: This research intends to investigate the relationship between safety climate and safety outcomes among sanitary workers along with the mediating influence of safety behavior. Methods: The data was collected from two sanitation organizations in Punjab, Pakistan. The data was subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 and SmartPLS version 4. The participants were chosen from the cantonment board Attock and Lahore management company using a multistage sampling technique. Results/Conclusion: The findings revealed that safety climate and its dimensions such as management commitment, safety communication learning trust, and work environment have a significant positive relationship with safety outcomes. Similarly, safety behavior significantly mediates the relationship between safety climate, dimensions and safety outcomes.
Keywords: Safety climate, safety behavior, Safety outcomes, Multistage sampling, SmartPLS
Received: 11 Mar 2025; Accepted: 27 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Nisar, Saat, Nata, Kamaludin, Ishak and Ahmad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Dr Nadia Nisar, Centre for Community Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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