Patterns of Claims and Determinants of Claim Rejections in Kuwait's National Health Insurance for Retirees (AFYA): A Comprehensive Analysis

Abdullah I Alibrahim^1*Hisham Kelendar²Abdulaziz Alhenaidi²

• ¹Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
• ²Ministry of Health (Kuwait), Kuwait City, Kuwait

Introduction: Health insurance claim rejections can impose significant administrative and financial burdens, yet data from emerging national programs are limited. Kuwait's AFYA program, launched in 2016 for retirees, provides a valuable opportunity to study rejection patterns and identify the demographic and service-level factors that influence denial rates in a rapidly evolving high-income context. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 4.44 million AFYA claims from 2016 to 2023. Key variables included beneficiary characteristics (age group, sex), provider type, service category (dental, medical, pharmaceutical), claimed amount, and claim year. Logistic regression was employed to determine predictors of claim rejection, controlling for all the above factors. Sensitivity analyses excluded the top 1% of claimed amounts to check for robustness.The overall rejection rate was 3.85%, lower than reported rates in some established systems. Younger retirees (under 40) had 1.82 times higher odds of claim denial than the reference group (56-60), and female beneficiaries had 1.21 times higher odds than males.Dental services were associated with a 2.28-fold increase in rejections relative to pharmaceutical claims. Laboratory claims, though relatively rare, showed exceptionally high rejection proportions. Rejection rates gradually declined over time, from 4.15% in 2017 to 3.42% by 2023. The most frequent reasons for denial involved uncovered services and insufficient clinical justification.Discussion: These findings underscore the critical role of clear coverage definitions, consistent coding, and effective administrative oversight in minimizing denials. Younger retirees, female beneficiaries, and certain service types (dental, laboratory) emerged as particularly vulnerable to rejections, indicating the need for targeted policy refinements. Notably, the downward trend in rejections suggests that AFYA has capacity for adaptive improvements over time. 1 Alibrahim et al. Claim Rejections in Kuwait's AFYA Retiree Insurance Program Conclusion: By revealing pivotal factors that drive or mitigate claim rejections, this analysis offers practical guidance for policymakers and healthcare administrators. Measures such as standardized submission protocols, tailored provider education, and clearer benefit guidelines may reduce denial rates while ensuring equitable accessto care. As Kuwait and comparable high-income countries grapple with balancing cost containment and comprehensive coverage,