ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1608086
Spatiotemporal trends of ischemic stroke burden attributable to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2021
Provisionally accepted
- 1The First people's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2Jiangshan People’s Hospital, Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province, China
- 3Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- 4The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Background: To evaluate the spatiotemporal variation in ischemic stroke attributed to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on global, regional, and national scales from 1990 to 2021 is essential for mitigating air pollution and controlling ischemic stroke.Methods: The death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden and Disease Study (GBD) 2021. We utilized joinpoint regression and decomposition analysis to assess PM2.5 exposure and pinpoint high-risk areas.Results: In 2021, PM2.5 caused approximately 0.90 million mortality and 18.29 million DALYs due to ischemic stroke worldwide. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of ischemic stroke linked to ambient PM2.5 slightly declined, while those associated with household PM2.5 significantly decreased over the past 32 years. The burden of ischemic stroke attributable to ambient and household PM2.5 exhibited considerable heterogeneity across 204 countries. Household PM2.5 significantly affected ischemic stroke burdens in low Socio-demographic indices (SDI) regions, whereas ambient PM2.5 had a greater impact in middle, high-middle, and high SDI regions. In the regions with an SDI below 0.7, including Southern Sub-Saharan Africa and East, South, and Southeast Asia, there was a positive correlation between SDI and ASRs linked with ambient PM2.5. Notably, in the 65-95 age group, the age-specific rates associated with ambient PM2.5 showed a substantial decline among females, while the rates for males remained relatively stable. Conclusion: Our results presented that PM2.5 significantly affects global ischemic stroke burden, particularly among the male population and in low SDI regions. It highlighted the urgency of integrating PM2.5 reduction strategies with ischemic stroke prevention programs.
Keywords: ischemic stroke, Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, Global burden of disease, Disability-adjusted life years
Received: 08 Apr 2025; Accepted: 23 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lu, Mao, Liu, Lan and Lan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Tian Lan, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Gaochen Lan, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
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