ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Injury Prevention and Control
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1608987
Epidemiological characteristics of injuries among elite adolescent flatwater kayak and canoe athletes
Provisionally accepted
- 1Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- 2Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- 3University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- 4Aichi Prefectural University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Background: Sport injuries are now becoming a major issue affecting training in paddle sports. This study was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of injuries among adolescent flat-water kayak and canoe athletes.We performed a retrospective design study to survey one-hundred forty Chinese elite adolescent flat-water kayak and canoe athletes (89 kayakers and 51 canoers; 81 males and 59 females, with an average age of 16 years) using a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire investigated basic information and kayak-and canoe-related injuries over the past year. The primary outcome measures were the distribution of kayak-and canoe-related injuries and the injury rate per 1000 training hours with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: A total of 207 injuries were reported from all the participants, including 138 injuries related to flat-water kayak and 69 injuries related to canoe. The most common injured site in flat-water kayak athletes was the lower back, followed by the shoulder, wrist, and knee. In flat-water canoe athletes, the most common injured site was the shoulder, followed by the lower back, back, and knee. Regarding injury rates, the flat-water kayak athletes showed 0.90 injuries per 1000 training hours (95% CI = 0.75-1.05). The female kayak athletes had 1.02 injuries per 1000 training hours (95% CI = 0.81-1.23), while the male kayak athletes had 0.74 injuries per 1000 training hours (0.53-0.95). Notably, the injury rate per 1000 training hours was significantly higher in female canoe athletes (1.51, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.98) than in male canoe athletes (0.47, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.64).The findings indicated that flat-water kayak-and canoe-related injuries mostly involved in the shoulder and lower back among Chinese elite adolescent athletes, with female athletes, particularly in canoe, being more susceptible to injury. These insights are critical for enhancing athlete injury prevention strategies and providing coaches and athletes with comprehensive reference data on injury.
Keywords: paddle sports, Adolescent athletes, Injury distribution, CANoe, Kayak
Received: 09 Apr 2025; Accepted: 07 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gao, Deng, ZHOU, Zeng, Kimura, Shen, Pan and Han. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiao ZHOU, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Hongtao Zeng, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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