REVIEW article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611028
This article is part of the Research TopicBiologic Drugs for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and Vaccines for infections: Validation, Drug-Utilization, Effectiveness, Regulation, Costs, and Safety in the real worldView all 3 articles
Advances and Challenges in Poliomyelitis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review of Development, Production, and Global Deployment
Provisionally accepted
- 1Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- 2Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Co., ltd.,, Beijing, China
- 3Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Poliomyelitis has been a significant global health challenge for centuries. Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, remarkable progress has been achieved, with wild poliovirus (WPV) cases reduced by over 99%.However, challenges persist, including endemic transmission in conflict zones, the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), and the complex logistics of vaccine production and distribution. This review synthesized the latest advancements in poliovirus vaccine development, production, and global deployment. Specific topics include the historical milestones of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), innovations in next-generation vaccines such as novel OPV (nOPV2), intradermal IPV (IIPV), virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, and mRNA vaccines, as well as critical considerations in manufacturing, quality control, and regulatory compliance. We also examined global strategies for vaccination campaigns, cold chain management, and eradication-endgame planning, alongside emerging challenges like VDPVs outbreaks, funding constraints, and geopolitical barriers. The significance of sustained global cooperation, equitable resource allocation, and technological advancement are essential to achieving a polio-free world, with the integration of scientific innovation with public health strategies. The lessons and insights presented herein inform polio eradication efforts, providing a blueprint for future disease eradication initiatives. The importance of resilience, adaptability, and community engagement was also emphasized for global health governance.
Keywords: Poliomyelitis Vaccines, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses (VDPVs), Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), Vaccine production
Received: 13 Apr 2025; Accepted: 23 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Liang and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Qi Zhang, Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.