ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Life-Course Epidemiology and Social Inequalities in Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1614193
This article is part of the Research TopicApproaches and Advances in Urologic Cancer EpidemiologyView all articles
Temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer across BRICS from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- 2Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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This study innovatively integrated Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) modeling using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to quantify spatiotemporal heterogeneity and drivers of kidney cancer burden across BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) from 1990 to 2021. The findings revealed a 142.74% global rise in kidney cancer incidence, with Saudi Arabia experiencing the steepest increase (877.78%) and Russia reporting the highest age-standardized incidence rate in 2021 (ASIR: 10.10/100,000). Mortality rates increased by 108.22% globally, led by the United Arab Emirates (700% growth), with Russia exhibiting the highest mortality rate in 2021 (ASMR: 4.07/100,000). Moreover, APC analysis identified critical drivers: age effects peaked in elderly populations (e.g., Russia's mortality rate at age 92.5: 42.8/100,000); period effects surged post-2000 in most nations (Saudi Arabia's period RR: 1.52); cohort effects indicated a 6.60-fold elevated risk for China's 2002 birth cohort relative to the 1952 baseline, contrasting with declining risks in younger Russian cohorts (RR: 0.66). Regional disparities highlighted the interactions between economic transitions and health inequities. Specifically, Saudi Arabia's burden was linked to metabolic disorders, Russia's decline aligned with tobacco control initiatives, and India's rural underdiagnosis reflected healthcare gaps. These findings offer valuable insights to inform cross-regional strategies for cancer control, emphasizing the importance of environmental governance, implementing metabolic health interventions, and optimizing healthcare systems to advance health equity and sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Kidney cancer1, BRICS member countries2, Age-period-cohort mode3, Global Burden of Disease4, relative risk5
Received: 18 Apr 2025; Accepted: 03 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang and Shuang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Weibing Shuang, shuangweibing@126.com
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