Feasibility of Ending Tuberculosis in Shangrao City through Active Intervention Measures: A Mathematical Study

Mingshu Xu¹Yue He²Qiao Liu²Qiuping Chen^2,3,4Zeyu Zhao²Zheng Xu¹Chongfei Shu¹Jun Xia¹Yuyan Yang¹Laurent Gavotte⁵Roger Frutos³Huiming Ye⁶Yanhua Su²Xiaolan Wang^7*Zhen Liu^1*

• ¹Shangrao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangrao, China
• ²Xiamen University School of Public Health, Xiamen, China
• ³CIRAD, URM 17, Intertryp, Montpellier, France
• ⁴Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
• ⁵Espace-Dev, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
• ⁶Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
• ⁷Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China

Objective: China faces significant challenges in ending tuberculosis (TB). Active case finding (ACF) and TB preventive therapy (TPT) have proven to be critical measures in reducing TB incidence. This study uses a transmission dynamics model to identify the optimal intervention strategies for achieving WHO ' s TB elimination targets in Shangrao City. The findings guide targeted TB control efforts in similar settings.: To account for COVID-19 pandemic disruptions, we first used a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict and substitute the reported TB incidence during 2020-2023. Subsequently, we developed an age-stratified dynamic transmission model using surveillance data from Shangrao City's Infectious Diseases Reporting System (IDRS) between 2008 and 2023 to evaluate tuberculosis transmission patterns across age groups. The model assessed the effectiveness of key interventions including active case finding (ACF), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening, and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT).The model fit well with the reported data (R 2 = 0.53, p < 0.001). Preventive treatment measures can fully achieve the goal of reducing incidence. All five TPT regimens showed potential to meet the TB elimination targets, with the 3HP regimen (weekly rifapentine + isoniazid for 3 months) performing the best. With the proportion of post-detection consent to TPT of 0.6 and rate of LTBI screening of 0.5, the 3HP regimen met the 2030 and 2035 incidence targets, with projected rates of 15.27/100,000 and 7.98/100,000, respectively.The current TB control efforts face significant challenges, with a considerable gap remaining in achieving TB elimination targets. Combining ACF with TPT presents a promising strategy to reach these goals. Elderly tuberculosis (TB) patients constitute a high-risk population, and effective prevention and treatment in this group are critical to achieving future TB elimination goals. To reduce the risk of recurrence and reinfection, enhanced follow-up monitoring of elderly patients should be prioritised alongside targeted health education interventions tailored to high-risk groups.