REVIEW article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Radiation and Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1619781
This article is part of the Research TopicThe 4th International Expert Forum on the Public Health and Environmental Impacts of Cellular and Wireless Radiation Exposure 2024View all 7 articles
HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES AND POLICIES CONCERNING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RF/MICROWAVE RADIATION
Provisionally accepted
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Concerns about the impacts on the public health and safety of radiofrequency (RF) exposure are increasing with the rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication systems and devices. There is also lack of confidence surrounding the applicability of stated health safety rules, limits and guidelines for RF exposure including their use for 5G and the expected 6G. This paper: (1) considers the currently promulgated standards for safe human exposure to RF radiation, (2) examines assumptions underlying the standards, (3) describes the roles of the military industrial complex in influencing research on the health effects and standards setting for safety levels, (4) discusses the engagement of an industry-regulatory complex, (5) explains the interaction between ICNIRP and the WHO-EMF, (6) scrutinizes recent publications of WHO-EMF commissioned systematic reviews, and (7) concludes with some observations on an apparent paradigm shift.
Keywords: Cellular mobile telecommunication, assumptions for the standards, Military industrial complex, industry-regulatory complex,, WHO-EMF systematic reviews, ICNIRP and WHO-EMF, paradigm shift
Received: 28 Apr 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: James C. Lin, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States
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