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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health

Sec. Children and Health

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1620629

This article is part of the Research TopicChildren in Global Health: Promoting Health Equity from the Perspective of Media, Culture and CommunicationView all 4 articles

The "Pressure" of Being an Adolescent in West Bank, Palestine: Prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension

Provisionally accepted
Dina  HamidehDina Hamideh1*Hamzeh  Al ZabadiHamzeh Al Zabadi2Noe  C CrespoNoe C Crespo3John  AlcarazJohn Alcaraz3Mariam  MansourMariam Mansour1Marcos  RealMarcos Real1Baseel  HamidehBaseel Hamideh1Nargis  AhmadiNargis Ahmadi1Lamees  MahmoudLamees Mahmoud2David  StrongDavid Strong1
  • 1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
  • 2An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  • 3San Diego State University, San Diego, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Over 27% of adults in Palestine are reported to have hypertension, and there is limited knowledge of hypertension rates among Palestinian adolescents residing in West Bank, Palestine. Prolonged exposure to forced displacement has adverse impacts on health, including hypertension. This study assessed the relationship between refugee status, prehypertension and hypertension among Palestinian adolescents residing in West Bank, Palestine.This cross-sectional study was conducted among Palestinian adolescents residing in refugee camps, villages, and cities across the West Bank. A random sample of adolescents were recruited through schools from November 2022 to January 2023. Anthropometric measurements including blood pressure (mmHg), heart rate (BPM), body fat (%), height (cm), body weight (kg) and survey questionnaires were collected. Ordinal regression models were used to assess the relationship between refugee status, prehypertension, and hypertension while controlling for age. Additionally, the interaction between refugee status and sex and its relationship on the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was examined.A total of 706 Palestinian adolescents (refugees= 377, [39.4 % females, 60.6 % males] and non-refugees= 329 [39.9% females, 60.1% males]) aged 13-17 (median= 14 years) were enrolled. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in the sample was 26% and 14% respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension [refugees=25.5% vs. non-refugees= 27.0%] and hypertension [refugees=12.7% vs. non-refugees= 16.0%] was higher in non-refugees. There was no association between refugee status and hypertension categories in unadjusted models, or models adjusting for age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.88; 95% CI= 0.65-1.20]. The interaction in the regression models demonstrated an association between refugee status, prehypertension and hypertension for females and males. Among females, refugees had 1.75 [95%CI=1.04-2.95] times higher odds of higher blood pressure than non-refugees after adjusting for age. In contrast, male refugees had 40% lower odds [AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.41-0.88] of having higher blood pressure than male non-refugee counterparts. Prehypertension and hypertension prevalence was high for this participant sample, highlighting a significant public health concern. Inverse relationships between blood pressure and refugee status were observed by sex. Future studies should assess the impact of refugee and non-refugee experiences and sex differences on cardiovascular health disparities among Palestinian adolescents.

Keywords: cardiovascualr disease, Middle East North Africa (MENA), Palestinian adolescents, systolic blood pressure, Refugee

Received: 29 Apr 2025; Accepted: 04 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Hamideh, Al Zabadi, Crespo, Alcaraz, Mansour, Real, Hamideh, Ahmadi, Mahmoud and Strong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Dina Hamideh, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States

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