ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1631596
AIDS in the Brazilian Amazon: Epidemiological Trends and Disparities Across States
Provisionally accepted
Thiago Augusto Ferreira dos Anjos1*
Ana Paula Ferreira David2Ruth Stephany Costa Silva2Sebastião Kauã de Sousa Bispo1Bruna Labibe Amin da Silva1Adson Lucas Ferreira de Almeida1Luiza Raquel Tapajós Figueira3Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva3
Daniele Melo Sardinha3Lilian Cristina Santos Sinfronio da Silva1Rebecca Lobato Marinho3Everaldina Cordeiro dos Santos3Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima1- 1Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- 2Universidade da Amazonia, Ananindeua, Brazil
- 3Programa de pos graduação em Biologia pararsitária - Instituto Evandro Chagas/Universidade do Estado do Para (IEC/UEPA), Belém - Pará, Brazil
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Word count: 168 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), remains a significant public health issue in Brazil, demonstrating heterogeneous distribution across regions and states. The Northern Region has particularly high detection rates, emerging as a persistent challenge in an area characterized by structural inequalities and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. This ecological, descriptive, and analytical study examined aids trends across Northern Brazilian states from 2013 to 2023 using data from Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Mortality Information System (SIM) and national HIV/aids epidemiological reports. Our Rbased analytical approach incorporated descriptive statistics, Joinpoint regression, linear modeling (calculating trend coefficients, determination coefficients, and p-values with significance at p<0.05), plus heatmap clustering with dendrograms to evaluate inter-state rate patterns. Spatial variation analysis revealed distinct epidemiological patterns: four states (Amazonas, Amapá, Tocantins, and Rondônia) showed declining detection rates, while Acre experienced a concerning >90% increase despite stable mortality rates. These findings identify critical case clusters and highlight states requiring targeted public health interventions, providing evidence for optimizing resource allocation in highprevalence areas.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Public Health Surveillance, indicators, aids, Programming Languages
Received: 20 May 2025; Accepted: 29 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 dos Anjos, David, Silva, Bispo, da Silva, de Almeida, Figueira, Silva, Sardinha, da Silva, Marinho, dos Santos and Lima. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Thiago Augusto Ferreira dos Anjos, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
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