From the perspective of Multi-theory model, factors influencing physical activity among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a mixed-methods study

Panpan Huai¹Bo Zhang¹Jingjing Sun¹Rui Xu¹Linghui Zhang¹Xiao Qiao²Weili Sun³Hui Yang⁴Jinli Guo⁵Huancheng Su^4*

• ¹Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
• ²Balingqiao Community Health Service Center of Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, China
• ³Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
• ⁴First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
• ⁵Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

Abstract Aim: To examine the factors influencing physical activity among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes in China, and to provide a strong theoretical framework and empirical support for creating more individualized and scientific strategies for improving physical activity. Methods: The text was analyzed by the innovative combination of traditional thematic analysis method and topic modeling (python machine learning) through the qualitative study, aiming to deeply explore the experiences and views of older adults with type 2 diabetes in the community regarding physical activity. Quantitative study adopted a cross-sectional survey to objectively and efficiently discover causal relationships among data. Finally, the results from the two different researches were compared to identify differences, similarities, and contradictions, enabling mutual verification and supplementation of the research findings and compensating for the limitations of a single research method, thereby obtaining the ultimate results. Results: We compared and integrated the qualitative and quantitative study results, and finally determined 11 topics, including 23 key factors, as the set of the study results of this study. Conclusions: From the perspective of Multi-theory model, this study explored the related factors influencing the physical activity of older adults with type 2 diabetes in the community through a mixed-methods study. By comparing and integrating the results of qualitative and quantitative studies, we finally identified 11 topics, including 23 key factors, as the results of this study, such as "Focus on physical activity itself", "The persistence of physical activity", and "Traditional conception", which were not mentioned in previous systematic literature search. These new discoveries provide a empirical support for creating more individualized and scientific strategies for improving physical activity behaviors among older adults with type 2 diabetes in the community.