ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Digital Public Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1655659
This article is part of the Research TopicInternet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence in Public Health: Challenges, Barriers and OpportunitiesView all articles
The I-KAPCAM-AI-Q: A Novel Instrument for Evaluating Health Care Providers' AI Awareness in Italy
Provisionally accepted
Vincenza Cofini1
Laura Piccardi2,3
Eugenio Benvenuti1Ginevra Di Pangrazio1Eleonora Cimino1Martina Mancinelli4
Mario Muselli1*Emiliano Petrucci1Giovanna Picchi5Patrizia Palermo1Loreta Tobia1
Arcangelo Barbonetti1Maurizio Guido1,6Giovambattista Desideri7Franco Marinangeli1
Leila Fabiani1Stefano Necozione1- 1Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Sanita Pubblica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, L'Aquila, Italy
- 2Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Dipartimento di Psicologia, Rome, Italy
- 3San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
- 4Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Istologiche Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Rome, Italy
- 5Ospedale di Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
- 6Universita della Calabria Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- 7Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Rome, Italy
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background: Understanding healthcare providers' readiness and attitudes is crucial for integrating AI in healthcare, yet no validated tool exists to evaluate these aspects among Italian physicians. This study developed and validated the Italian Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, and Clinical Agreement between Medical Doctors and the Artificial Intelligence Questionnaire (I-KAPCAM-AI-Q). Methods: This was a cross-sectional validation study. The validation process included expert review (n=18), face validity assessment (n=20), technical implementation testing, and pilot testing (n=203) with both residents and specialists. The questionnaire contained 29 items, one clinical universal scenario, and 6 clinical scenarios specific to 6 specialists.The questionnaire demonstrated strong content validity (S-CVI/Ave=0.98) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=0.7481, KR-21=0.832). Pilot testing revealed only 17% of participants had received digital technology training during medical education, while 91% showed clinical agreement with AI-proposed diagnoses. Knowledge in diagnostics was highest among AI applications (48%). Residents showed higher interest in technical support (58.3% vs 42.0%, p=0.021) and evidence-based validation (61.2% vs 47.0%, p=0.043) compared to specialists. Conclusion: The ha formattato: Tipo di carattere: (Predefinito) Times New Roman, 12 pt ha formattato: Tipo di carattere: Non Grassetto I-KAPCAM-AI-Q provides a reliable tool for assessing healthcare providers' AI readiness and highlights the need for enhanced digital health education in medical curricula.
Keywords: healthcare digitalization, questionnaire validation, medical AI literacy, medical technology integration, Artificial intelligence awareness, medical technology acceptance, crossgenerational medical education
Received: 28 Jun 2025; Accepted: 26 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cofini, Piccardi, Benvenuti, Di Pangrazio, Cimino, Mancinelli, Muselli, Petrucci, Picchi, Palermo, Tobia, Barbonetti, Guido, Desideri, Marinangeli, Fabiani and Necozione. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mario Muselli, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Sanita Pubblica Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, L'Aquila, Italy
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.