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CORRECTION article

Front. Public Health, 06 August 2025

Sec. Digital Public Health

Volume 13 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1655721

Correction: Measuring digital health literacy and its associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries

This article is a correction to:

  1. HLS19-DIGI -a new instrument for measuring digital health literacy: development, validation and associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries

    1. Read original article
Diane Levin-Zamir, Diane Levin-Zamir1,2*Stephan Van den BrouckeStephan Van den Broucke3 va BírÉva Bíró4Henrik BggildHenrik Bøggild5Lucy BrutonLucy Bruton6Saskia Maria De Gani,Saskia Maria De Gani7,8Hanne Sberg FinbrtenHanne Søberg Finbråten9Sarah GibneySarah Gibney6Robert GrieblerRobert Griebler10Lennert GrieseLennert Griese11 ystein Guttersrud,Øystein Guttersrud12,13Zuzana Kloch&#x;ovZuzana Klocháňová14Zdenek KuceraZdenek Kucera15Christopher Le,Christopher Le9,16Thomas LinkThomas Link17Julien ManciniJulien Mancini18Dominika MiksovaDominika Miksova17Doris SchaefferDoris Schaeffer11Carlota Ribeiro da SilvaCarlota Ribeiro da Silva19Kristine SrensenKristine Sørensen20Christa StraßmayrChrista Straßmayr10Miguel Telo de Arriaga,Miguel Telo de Arriaga19,21Mitja VrdeljaMitja Vrdelja22Jürgen PelikanJürgen Pelikan10 on behalf of the HLS19 Consortium of the WHO Action Network M-POHL
  • 1School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  • 2Department of Health Education and Promotion, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 3Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • 4Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
  • 5Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
  • 6Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland
  • 7Careum Foundation, Careum Center for Health Literacy, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 8Careum School of Health, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 9Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, University of Inland Norway, Elverum, Norway
  • 10Competence Centre Health Promotion and Healthcare, Austrian National Public Health Institute, Vienna, Austria
  • 11School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  • 12Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  • 13The Norwegian Centre for Science Education Department, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 14Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Trnava University Trnava, Trnava, Czechia
  • 15Czech Health Literacy Institute, Prague, Czechia
  • 16Department of Community Health, The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
  • 17Department of Quality Measurement and Patient Survey, Austrian National Public Health Institute, Vienna, Austria
  • 18Aix Marseille University APHM INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, Cancer, Biomedicine & Society Group, Marseille, France
  • 19Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 20Global Health Literacy Academy, Risskov, Denmark
  • 21Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Well-Being, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 22Communication Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia

A Correction on
Measuring digital health literacy and its associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries

by Levin-Zamir, D., Van den Broucke, S., Bíró, É., Bøggild, H., Bruton, L., De Gani, S. M., Søberg Finbråten, H., Gibney, S., Griebler, R., Griese, L., Guttersrud, Ø., Klocháňová, Z., Kucera, Z., Le, C., Link, T., Mancini, J., Miksova, D., Schaeffer, D., Ribeiro da Silva, C., Sørensen, K., Straßmayr, C., Telo de Arriaga, M., Vrdelja, M., and Pelikan, J., on behalf of the HLS19 Consortium of the WHO Action Network M-POHL (2025). Front. Public Health 13:1472706. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1472706

In the published article, the article title was “HLS19-DIGI - a new instrument for measuring digital health literacy: development, validation and associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries”

The correct title is: “Measuring digital health literacy and its associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries”

In the original published article the corresponding author‘s e-mail was ZGlhbW9zQHphaGF2Lm5ldC5pbA==

The corrected e-mail is: ZGxldmluLXphQHVuaXYuaGFpZmEuYWMuaWw=

A correction has been made to Abstract, Methods

The term “HLS19-DIGI” has been added and the sentence below has been added:

“The instrument is a modified and extended version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI).”

So that the section now reads:

“Methods: Using a concept validation approach, the aim of the study was to validate the digital health literacy measure HLS19-DIGI, applied in the European Health Literacy Survey (2019–2021) of the WHO M-POHL network, analyzing data from 28,057 respondents from 13 countries. The instrument is a modified and extended version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI).”

In 1. Introduction, 1.1 Existing research and measures of digital health literacy, paragraph 3, “(DHLI)” has been changed to “(Digital Health Literacy Instrument- DHLI)”.

In 1. Introduction, 1.2 Rational for a further developed digital health literacy measure, the header “Rational for developing a new digital health literacy measure” has been changed to “Rational for a further developed digital health literacy measure”.

In 1. Introduction, 1.2 Rational for a further developed digital health literacy measure, paragraph 2, “opportunity to develop and validate a new measure for DHL“ has been changed to “opportunity to further develop and validate a further developed measure for DHL.”

In 1. Introduction, 1.2 Rational for a further developed digital health literacy measure, paragraph 3, “This article is part of a series of papers, introducing new health literacy tools that have been developed, applied, and tested through the HLS19 study (27–30)” has been changed to ”This article is part of a series of papers, introducing health literacy tools that have been developed, applied and tested through the HLS19 study (27-30)”.

In 1. Introduction, 1.2 Rational for a further developed digital health literacy measure, paragraph 3, “The aim of this series is to use the data collected in HLS19 to examine the psychometric properties of the newly developed health literacy tools and different aspects of their validity” has changed to “The aim of this series is to use the data collected in the HLS19 to examine the psychometric properties of the newly or further developed health literacy tools and different aspects of their validity”.

In 2. Materials and methods, 2.1 The HLS19-DIGI instrument, the header has changed from “2.1 Development of the HLS19-DIGI instrument” to “2.1 The HLS19-DIGI instrument”.

In 2. Materials and methods, 2.1 The HLS19-DIGI instrument, paragraph 1, “The DHL instrument developed for the HLS19 survey, named HLS19-DIGI, is based on the DHLI measure (16) but aligned more strongly with the concept and model of general health literacy proposed by the HLS-EU study (27) and promoted by M-POHL” has changed to “The DHL instrument further developed for the HLS19 survey, named HLS19-DIGI, is based on the DHLI measure (16) but aligned more strongly with the concept and model of general health literacy proposed by the HLS-EU study (27), and promoted by M-POHL.

In 2. Materials and methods, 2.1 The HLS19-DIGI instrument, paragraph 1, the citation (16) has been added, so that the sentence reads “Compared to the DHLI (16), the HLS19-DIGI adds the dimension of understanding digitally accessed health information and eliminates the redundancy on the topic of applying health information.”

In 2. Materials and methods, 2.1 The HLS19-DIGI instrument, paragraph 3, the citation (16) has been added, so that the sentence reads “We have adapted, shortened and extended the content of the DHLI tool (16), translated it into several languages and tested it, and this paper reports on the psychometric testing.”

In 4. Discussion, paragraph 2, “This article described the conceptual background, development, and validation of a new instrument to measure DHL at the population level and investigated its determinants and associations with health outcomes “ has changed to “This article described the conceptual background, development, and validation of a further developed instrument to measure DHL at the population level and investigated its determinants and associations with health outcomes.”

In 4. Discussion, 4.1 Limitations, “For some countries, the non-response rates for several items were markedly higher than for other HLS19 measures. this may be partly due to the fact that people cannot evaluate something they do not do in everyday life, namely if they do not use the Internet to search for health information.” has changed to “For some countries, the non-response rates for several items were markedly higher than for other HLS19 measures, which may be partly due to the fact that people cannot evaluate something they do not do in everyday life, namely if they do not use the Internet to search for health information.”

In 5. Conclusions and implications, “A compact, conceptually sound new instrument to measure DHL was validated for 13 languages in 13 countries, showing acceptable psychometric properties.” Has changed to “A compact, conceptually sound instrument to measure DHL was validated for 13 languages in 13 countries, showing acceptable psychometric properties.”

The original version of this article has been updated.

Publisher's note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Keywords: digital health literacy, eHealth literacy, HLS19, digital health literacy measurement, measurement scale validation, health information technology literacy, M-POHL

Citation: Levin-Zamir D, Van den Broucke S, Bíró É, Bøggild H, Bruton L, De Gani SM, Søberg Finbråten H, Gibney S, Griebler R, Griese L, Guttersrud Ø, Klocháňová Z, Kucera Z, Le C, Link T, Mancini J, Miksova D, Schaeffer D, Ribeiro da Silva C, Sørensen K, Straßmayr C, Telo de Arriaga M, Vrdelja M and Pelikan J (2025) Correction: Measuring digital health literacy and its associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countries. Front. Public Health 13:1655721. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1655721

Received: 28 June 2025; Accepted: 30 June 2025;
Published: 06 August 2025.

Edited and reviewed by: Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland

Copyright © 2025 Levin-Zamir, Van den Broucke, Bíró, Bøggild, Bruton, De Gani, Søberg Finbråten, Gibney, Griebler, Griese, Guttersrud, Klocháňová, Kucera, Le, Link, Mancini, Miksova, Schaeffer, Ribeiro da Silva, Sørensen, Straßmayr, Telo de Arriaga, Vrdelja and Pelikan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Diane Levin-Zamir, ZGxldmluLXphQHVuaXYuaGFpZmEuYWMuaWw=

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.