Kipiyecipakiciipe ("Coming Home"): A Study Protocol for a Multi-Method Investigation of Culturally Grounded Resilience against Substance-Use among Shawnee Adults

Evan White^1,2*Ryan Tomm¹Danielle L Bethel¹Gabe Cochran³Makiah Torres¹Nicole R Baughman¹Andrea Wigelsworth¹Xi Ren¹Wesley Vaught¹

• ¹Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, United States
• ²The University of Tulsa Oxley College of Health & Natural Sciences, Tulsa, United States
• ³Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Stillwater, United States

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples bear the highest U.S. burden of substance-use disorder (SUD) and drug-overdose mortality. Mechanistic evidence linking community-defined cultural protective factors to neurobehavioral pathways of SUD risk is virtually absent. Most AI/AN health studies are descriptive and rarely integrate neuroscience. Objectives: The Kipiyecipakiciipe ("coming home") project aims to (i) operationalize Shawnee-defined cultural engagement variables, (ii) test their associations with neurobehavioral markers of reward, decision-making, and self-regulation, and (iii) establish evidence base for tribally guided prevention and recovery strategies. Methods: Guided by community-based participatory research, the three-phase multi-method protocol combines qualitative inquiry, a Community Readiness Assessment (CRA), and multimodal neuroimaging. Phase 1 included 22 Shawnee adults and employed N = 3 focus-group discussions (including Nominal Group Technique) and N = 1 in-depth interview to generate an operational lexicon of cultural protective factors and to adapt a Community Needs Assessment (CNA). Phase 2 enrolls 90 Shawnee adults in a simultaneous functional MRI/electro-encephalography (fMRI/EEG) battery comprising culturally tailored picture and audio paradigms, a Monetary Incentive Delay task, a three-arm bandit task, and the Horizon exploration task. Self-report scales assess cultural identity, mental health, substance use, impulsivity, and risk. Parallel CRA interviews (n = 12) quantify community readiness for SUD interventions across six dimensions. Phase 3 will recruit Shawnee citizens with lived SUD experience to examine whether cultural, behavioral, and neural markers predict recovery-related outcomes (e.g., craving, self-efficacy). Discussion: By integrating community insight with state-of-the-art neuroimaging under Tribal governance, this protocol addresses critical knowledge gaps in Indigenous SUD research, models CARE-aligned data stewardship and establishes a transferable framework for culturally grounded precision substance use prevention.