ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Aging and Public Health
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1670429
This article is part of the Research TopicTransforming Public Health Systems in Latin America: Challenges, Innovations and Sustainable SolutionsView all 4 articles
Psychometric evidence of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in a sample of participants from hospitals and elderly care centers in Peru
Provisionally accepted
Patricia del Pilar Díaz-Gamarra*
Fernando Joel Rosario-Quiroz*
Erika Roxana Estrada Alomia*Noemí Edith Iparraguirre-YaurivilcaMiguel Angel Misare-Condori- Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
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Introduction: The study of general well-being in older adulthood is of vital importance due to the negative repercussions of aging on daily life. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in a sample of participants from hospitals and elderly care centers in Peru. Method: A total of 661 older adults from Metropolitan Lima participated in the study (65% women and 35% men), aged between 60 and 93 years. They concurrently completed the WHO-5 Well-Being Index and the Family APGAR. esults: The findings demonstrated adequate fit indices for the original five-item model: χ²/df = 3.73, CFI = .998, TLI = .995, SRMR = .03, and RMSEA = .06. Factor loadings were above .50. Convergent validity, assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient, was significant and direct (r = .35). Internal consistency indices (α = .84; ω = .84) were satisfactory. The unidimensional structure of the instrument was confirmed, as well as its measurement invariance across sexes. Discussion and Conclusions: The WHO-5 Well-Being Index, when applied to older adults in Peru, confirms its unidimensional structure, demonstrates evidence of validity and reliability, and is an equivalent measure across sexes. This suggests its utility as a brief, reliable instrument for evaluating well-being in this population.
Keywords: general well-being, family functioning, older adults, psychometric properties, Reliability
Received: 22 Jul 2025; Accepted: 29 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Díaz-Gamarra, Rosario-Quiroz, Estrada Alomia, Iparraguirre-Yaurivilca and Misare-Condori. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Patricia del Pilar Díaz-Gamarra, patriciadiazada@gmail.com
Fernando Joel Rosario-Quiroz, ferospe9@gmail.com
Erika Roxana Estrada Alomia, eestradaal@ucvvirtual.edu.pe
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