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RETRACTION article

Front. Public Health, 04 August 2025

Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome

Volume 13 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1675591

This article is part of the Research TopicPublic Health, Governance, Green Environment and EconomyView all 49 articles

Retraction: Nexus between foreign direct investment inflow, renewable energy consumption, ambient air pollution, and human mortality: a public health perspective from non-linear ARDL approach

This article is a retraction of:

  1. RETRACTED: Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment Inflow, Renewable Energy Consumption, Ambient Air Pollution, and Human Mortality: A Public Health Perspective From Non-linear ARDL Approach

    1. Read original article
Frontiers Editorial Office Frontiers Editorial Office*

A Retraction of the Original Research Article
Nexus between foreign direct investment inflow, renewable energy consumption, ambient air pollution, and human mortality: a public health perspective from non-linear ARDL approach

by Shah, M. H., Salem, S., Ahmed, B., Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Zeeshan, M., and Fareed, Z. (2022). Front. Public Health 9:814208. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.814208

The journal retracts the 2022 article cited above.

Frontiers Research Integrity Auditing team has investigated and uncovered a network of authors and editors who conducted peer review with undisclosed conflicts of interest and who have engaged in citation manipulation. The investigation identified this article as one for which the integrity of the peer review process has been undermined, resulting in the loss of confidence in the article's findings.

The authors received a communication regarding the retraction and were given a chance to respond, with some discussions still ongoing. This exchange has been recorded by the publisher. The investigation was not able to determine whether all authors, editors, or reviewers were aware of or involved in the misconduct, but this misconduct was significant enough to determine that the scientific integrity of the article cannot be guaranteed.

In adherence to the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the article is retracted. The retraction was approved by the Chief Executive Editor at Frontiers and the Field Chief Editor of Frontiers in Public Health.

Citation: Frontiers Editorial Office (2025) Retraction: Nexus between foreign direct investment inflow, renewable energy consumption, ambient air pollution, and human mortality: a public health perspective from non-linear ARDL approach. Front. Public Health 13:1675591. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1675591

Received: 29 July 2025; Accepted: 29 July 2025;
Published: 04 August 2025.

Approved by:

Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland

Copyright © 2025 Frontiers Editorial Office. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, cmVzZWFyY2guaW50ZWdyaXR5QGZyb250aWVyc2luLm9yZw==

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