ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Public Health
Sec. Substance Use Disorders and Behavioral Addictions
Community Pharmacists Preparedness to Control OTC Medication Abuse in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 2Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) medication misuse, abuse, and addiction are increasingly recognized issues not only in Saudi Arabia but also worldwide. Investigating OTC medication abuse and pharmacists' preparedness to control it is an urgent research area that will help to establish strategies to reduce associated harms. Objective: To explore community pharmacists' awareness, views, and preparedness to control OTC medication's abuse in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed to community pharmacists across Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 813 out of 919 community pharmacists completed the survey (response rate: 88.5%). Most of them were male (702, 86.3%), non-Saudi (623, 76.6%), bachelor's degree holders (648, 79.7%), professionally classified as pharmacists (534, 65.7%), aged ≤ 40 years (756, 93.0%), and from the western region (363, 44.6%). Using a 5-point Likert scale, pharmacists perceived their knowledge of OTC medication abuse to be high (mean score 4.3±/0.9, 86.0%). OTC medication classes most perceived as carrying a risk of addiction were codeine-containing products (82.2%), followed by cough suppressants/ antitussives (69.5%). Dealing with a suspicious patient/customer who may be abusing OTC medication, most respondents said they would provide advice to patients as necessary (707, 87.0%) and refer to a physician (696, 85.6%). The top-rated barriers to preventing OTC medication abuse were lack of patient records on OTC medication use (mean score 3.2±/1.4, 64.0%) and workload (mean score 3.1±1.5, 62.0%). Conclusion: Most community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia are aware of OTC medication abuse. Establishment of clear policies and guidelines regarding purchasing limits and monitoring practices is urgently needed.
Keywords: abuse, BTC, community pharmacy, OTC medications, Saudi Arabia, vigilance
Received: 11 Oct 2025; Accepted: 02 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Alsheikh and Fathelrahman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mona Yasser Alsheikh
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