ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Crop Biology and Sustainability
Volume 9 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1614074
Water and Nitrogen Conservation Enhance Summer Soybean (Glycine max) Yield via Improved Photosynthesis and Pod Formation Traits
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- 2Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 7th Division Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kuitun City, China
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Abstract：In arid Xinjiang, high crop yields depend on substantial water and nitrogen inputs, but this leads to inefficient resource use. This study investigated whether water and nitrogen inputs could be reduced without compromising yield in post-wheat relay-cropped soybean, aiming for more efficient resource utilization. In 2023 and 2024, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the College of Agriculture, Shihezi University. The experiment employed a two-factor split-plot design, with irrigation amount as the primary factor (with three levels: W1 (3360 m³•hm -2 , 33.3% reduction from W3), W2 (4200 m³•hm -2 , 16.6% reduction from W3), and W3 (5040 m³•hm -2 , conventional irrigation). Nitrogen application rate (pure nitrogen) was the secondary factor (with four levels: N1 (0 kg•hm -2 ), N2 (105 kg•hm -2 , 46.2% reduction from N4), N3 (150 kg•hm -2 , 23.1% reduction from N4), and N4 (195 kg•hm -2 , conventional application) -totaling 12 treatments. Among all treatments, only the water-saving (W2) and nitrogen-saving (N3) combination (W2N3) achieved agronomic traits, pod formation, and yield components statistically equivalent to conventional practice (W3N4). W2N3 maintained near-equivalent yield to W3N4 (reduction of 0.84-1.32%) while conserving water and N. This reduction lowers environmental risks (e.g., N leaching, salinity) and has the potential to improve soil health through optimized organic matter input. Economically, it reduced production costs by 483.91 CNY•hm -2 , increasing net profit by 350.10 -408.79 CNY•hm -2 . Reducing irrigation by 16.6% and N by 23.1% optimizes resource efficiency, supports agricultural sustainability, and offers viable strategies for arid agroecosystems.
Keywords: water and nitrogen saving, relay-cropped soybean, Photosynthesis, Number of pods, yield
Received: 18 Apr 2025; Accepted: 16 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 He, Guo, Deng, Pang and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jianguo Liu, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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