Understanding cowpea production, utilization and distribution dynamics in Malawi: A gendered perspective

Jessica Jemima Kampanje Phiri^*Michael Malandula ChipetaJohn KafwambiraNaomi Mvula

• Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a crucial legume for food security and nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet remains underutilized in Malawi. This study explores the cowpea value chain in Malawi—focusing on production, utilization, and distribution—through a gendered lens. It highlights the roles and challenges faced by men, women, and youth across the value chain, from cultivation to consumption. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from six districts via surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study examined the participation of various actors in cowpea production, processing, and marketing, identifying gender-specific constraints and opportunities. Findings show that women are significantly involved in cowpea production but face barriers such as limited access to land, inputs, and markets. Farmers generally prefer local cowpea varieties, with trait preferences varying by gender. Youth are also actively engaged in cowpea farming, though they encounter distinct challenges and opportunities within the value chain such as land access. The study emphasizes the importance of gender-sensitive interventions to boost cowpea productivity and market access, thereby enhancing household income and food security. It contributes to the thematic area “Processing and Preservation of Indigenous Food Crops: Sustainable Agenda for Nutrition Security in The Global South” by documenting both the potential and limitations of cowpea as an indigenous crop. The research also delves into cultural norms and gender roles that shape cowpea utilization, offering a nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics influencing the value chain. Ultimately, the study advocates for addressing gender-specific constraints and leveraging indigenous knowledge to inform future interventions. It calls for a supportive policy environment that promotes equitable growth of the cowpea value chain in Malawi and beyond, positioning cowpea as a strategic crop for advancing nutrition security and inclusive agricultural development.