%A Nyaradi,Anett %A Oddy,Wendy H. %A Hickling,Siobhan %A Li,Jianghong %A Foster,Jonathan K. %D 2015 %J Frontiers in Nutrition %C %F %G English %K nutrition,breastfeeding,cognitive performance,cogState,Early Childhood,adolescence,Raine Study %Q %R 10.3389/fnut.2015.00002 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2015-February-11 %9 Original Research %+ Anett Nyaradi,School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia,Australia,anett.nyaradi@telethonkids.org.au %+ Anett Nyaradi,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Australia,anett.nyaradi@telethonkids.org.au %# %! Nutrition and cognitive outcomes %* %< %T The Relationship between Nutrition in Infancy and Cognitive Performance during Adolescence %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2015.00002 %V 2 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 2296-861X %X Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term associations between breastfeeding duration during infancy, diet quality as measured by a diet score at 1 year of age, and cognitive performance during adolescence.Methods: Participants (n = 717) were recruited from the West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, a prospective longitudinal study of 2868 children and their families based in Perth, WA, Australia. Breastfeeding duration and an early diet score at age 1 year were used as the main predictor variables, while a computerized cognitive battery (CogState) was used to assess adolescents’ cognitive performance at 17 years. The diet score, which has seven food group components, was based on a 24-h recall questionnaire completed by the mother at 1 year of age. A higher diet score represents a better, more nutritious eating pattern. Associations between breastfeeding duration, diet score, and cognitive performance were assessed in multivariable regression models.Results: Higher diet scores at 1 year representing better diet quality were significantly associated with faster reaction times in cognitive performance at 17 years [Detection Task (DET): β = −0.004, 95% CI: −0.008; 0.000, p = 0.036; Identification Task (IDN): β = −0.004, 95% CI: −0.008; 0.000, p = 0.027]. Breastfeeding duration (≥4 months) was also significantly associated with a shorter reaction time, but only for males (DET: β = −0.026, 95% CI: −0.046; −0.006, p = 0.010).Conclusion: Nutrition in early childhood may have a long-term association with fundamental cognitive processing speed, which is likely to be related to enhanced brain development in the first year of life.