The journal retracts the 2022 article cited above.
Frontiers Research Integrity Auditing team has investigated and uncovered a network of authors and editors who conducted peer review with undisclosed conflicts of interest and who have engaged in citation manipulation. The investigation identified this article as one for which the integrity of the peer review process has been undermined, resulting in the loss of confidence in the article's findings.
The authors received a communication regarding the retraction and were given a chance to respond, with some discussions still ongoing. This exchange has been recorded by the publisher. The investigation was not able to determine whether all authors, editors, or reviewers were aware of or involved in the misconduct, but this misconduct was significant enough to determine that the scientific integrity of the article cannot be guaranteed.
In adherence to the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the article is retracted. The retraction was approved by the Chief Executive Editor at Frontiers and the Field Chief Editor of Frontiers in Public Health.
Summary
Citation
Frontiers Editorial Office (2025) Retraction: Nexus between foreign direct investment inflow, renewable energy consumption, ambient air pollution, and human mortality: a public health perspective from non-linear ARDL approach. Front. Public Health 13:1675591. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1675591
Received
29 July 2025
Accepted
29 July 2025
Published
04 August 2025
Approved by
Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
Volume
13 - 2025
Updates
Copyright
© 2025 Frontiers Editorial Office.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office research.integrity@frontiersin.org
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