1 Introduction
Autonomous and accurate navigation is a prerequisite for any intelligent system assigned to various missions. Yet, this task presents a higher complexity when a mobile robot navigates in an unfamiliar terrain, as it needs to move through the environment and construct a detailed map of its surroundings. At the same time, the system should estimate its pose and orientation during the incremental construction of its internal map (Tsintotas et al., 2022). This process is widely known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and is paramount for effective and context-aware navigation. However, this challenge becomes even more intricate when robots work within human environments, as human-robot coexistence introduces variables such as human activities, intentions, and their impacts on the robot’s path (Keroglou et al., 2023). At the same time, the integration necessitates adherence to stringent safety and security requirements. Consequently, the robotic community tries to tackle these challenges through several techniques that collectively shape the field into a demanding, interdisciplinary pursuit known as socially aware navigation. This involves technical considerations and a deep understanding of the social dynamics between humans and robots, marking a crucial intersection of robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction. Should we understand human activities, intentions, or social dynamics via intelligent pipelines, robots can navigate spaces shared with humans, fostering a harmonious coexistence, e.g., healthcare, or assistive technologies to smart homes and public space. Last, socially aware robot navigation aims to bridge the gap between artificial intelligence and human interaction, paving the way for a more integrated and socially intelligent future.
2 Analysis of the Research Topic
The paradigm of socially aware place navigation is situated within the intricate domain of human modeling, systematically examining various dimensions such as human pose estimation (Wei et al., 2022), action recognition (Charalampous et al., 2017;Dessalene et al., 2021), language understanding (Vatakis and Pastra, 2016), and affective computing (Kansizoglou et al., 2022) (see Figure 1). The first is the discernment of the spatial configuration of an individual’s body, a pivotal facet enabling a robotic system to comprehend humans’ physical presence and movements within its proximate environment (An et al., 2022). At the same time, action recognition further augments this comprehension by interpreting the activities in which individuals are engaged (Dessalene et al., 2023), thereby contributing to a nuanced understanding of the contextual environment (Moutsis et al., 2023). Language understanding, a fundamental component of this multifaceted paradigm, empowers the robot to discern verbal cues and commands (Pastra and Aloimonos, 2012), thereby facilitating seamless communication with human counterparts. At the same time, affective computing introduces an emotional dimension, endowing the robot to discern and appropriately respond to human emotions, enhancing its adaptability to intricate social contexts (Kansizoglou et al., 2019). Last, the amalgamation of these human-centric capacities within the purview of the navigation task epitomizes a sophisticated methodological approach, and consequently, such frameworks are poised to excel in scenarios characterized by adversity, dynamism, and heightened interactivity.
FIGURE 1
2.1 Contributing articles
Although user-centered approaches are essential to create a comfortable and safe human-robot interaction, they are still rare in industrial settings. Aiming to close this research gap, in Bernotat et al., two user studies with large heterogeneous samples were conducted. In particular, in User Study 1, the participants’ ideas about robot memory were explored, as well as what aspects of the robot’s movements were found positive, and what they would change. The effects of participants’ demographic backgrounds and attitudes were controlled for. Next, it is self-evident that even in such an elementary and minimal environment compared to the real world, home agents require guidance from dense reward functions to learn to carry out complex tasks. As task decomposition is an easy-to-use approach for introducing those dense rewards, in Petsanis et al., a method that can be used to improve training in embodied AI environments by harnessing the task decomposition capabilities of TextWord is presented. On the other hand, Karasoulas et al. examined how to detect the presence or absence of individuals indoors by analyzing the ambient air’s CO2 concentration using simple Markov Chain Models. While this study focused on employing 1-h window testing sets, there exists significant potential for accurately assessing occupancy profiles within shorter minute intervals. At last, the authors in Arapis et al. focus on localizing humans in the world and predicting the free space around them by incorporating other static and dynamic obstacles. Their research is based on a multitasking learning strategy to handle both tasks, achieving this goal with minimal computational demands when employed in difficult industrial environments, such as human instances at a close distance or the limits of the field of view of the capturing sensor.
3 Discussion and conclusion
Overall, the main objective of a human-aware navigation pipeline is to facilitate human-robot coexistence in a shared environment. Such a scenario requires the efficient parallel realization of each member’s goals without needless external interceptions or delays and the successful completion of specific everyday tasks. On top of that, the robotic agent is expected to inspire a sense of trust and friendliness in humans, mainly realized when the agent operates concisely, adaptively, transparently, and naturally. Thus, robot navigation techniques shall employ enhanced human understanding and modeling techniques, capturing those features that mainly affect the efficiency of the task. As a result, it becomes increasingly vital to develop robust, lightweight action and affect estimation solutions based on robotics sensory data and capacities, like active vision (Aloimonos et al., 1988). Finally, computational efficiency and real-time operation capacities always limit the introduced solutions.
Statements
Author contributions
KT: Conceptualization, Writing–original draft, Writing–review and editing. IK: Conceptualization, Writing–original draft, Writing–review and editing. KP: Supervision, Writing–review and editing. YA: Supervision, Writing–review and editing. AG: Supervision, Writing–review and editing. GoS: Supervision, Writing–review and editing. GuS: Supervision, Writing–review and editing.
Funding
The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Summary
Keywords
robotics, social navigation, AI, machine learning, language processing
Citation
Tsintotas KA, Kansizoglou I, Pastra K, Aloimonos Y, Gasteratos A, Sirakoulis GC and Sandini G (2024) Editorial: Enhanced human modeling in robotics for socially-aware place navigation. Front. Robot. AI 11:1348022. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1348022
Received
01 December 2023
Accepted
14 February 2024
Published
01 March 2024
Volume
11 - 2024
Edited and reviewed by
Giuseppe Boccignone, University of Milan, Italy
Updates
Copyright
© 2024 Tsintotas, Kansizoglou, Pastra, Aloimonos, Gasteratos, Sirakoulis and Sandini.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Konstantinos A. Tsintotas, ktsintot@pme.duth.gr
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.