METHODS article
Front. Earth Sci.
Sec. Solid Earth Geophysics
This article is part of the Research TopicExploring Near-Surface Geophysics and Tectonics: From Conventional Modeling to AI SolutionsView all 4 articles
Safe Anderson Type-I Least-Squares Reverse Time Migration Based on coefficient-optimized 25-Point Difference Scheme
Provisionally accepted
- 1Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, China
- 2Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, China
- 3China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao, China
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Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) is widely used in seismic imaging for high-resolution subsurface imaging, particularly in complex geological structures. This technique helps in revealing detailed subsurface features, which is crucial for fields such as oil and gas exploration and geotechnical studies. However, due to the iterative nature of LSRTM and its reliance on the least-squares approach result in significant computational costs, making it challenging for large-scale applications. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Safe Anderson Type I LSRTM, built upon an enhanced 25-point finite difference scheme. This method incorporates a coefficient-optimized 25-point frequency-domain finite difference scheme, alongside Powell regularization, restart checking, and safety protection steps, which are applied to Anderson acceleration type I in order to improve stability and accelerate convergence. Model tests demonstrate that the proposed Safe Anderson Type I LSRTM, based on the improved 25-point finite difference scheme, results in faster data residual convergence, higher imaging signal-to-noise ratio, superior resolution, clearer imaging of the in-phase axis, and a closer match between the imaging and the true reflection coefficient model, compared to the steepest descent method, conjugate gradient method, and Limited-Memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) method. This method significantly enhances the practical feasibility of LSRTM for large-scale, high-resolution seismic imaging.
Keywords: Improved 25-point frequency differential format, Least-squares reverse time migration, Powell regularization, Restart checking, Safety protection, Safte Anderson type I
Received: 14 Jul 2025; Accepted: 29 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yang, Lei, Cheng, Jian, Zhao, Zeng, S and Qu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Qingcai Zeng
Yingming Qu
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