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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Environ. Sci., 13 December 2021

Sec. Environmental Economics and Management

Volume 9 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.789715

This article is part of the Research TopicExport Product Quality, Renewable Energy, and Sustainable ProductionView all 48 articles

RETRACTED: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve in the USA: What Role Institutional Quality, Globalization, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Remittances can Play? New Evidence From Dynamic ARDL Simulations Approach

Retracted

A retraction of this article was approved in:

  1. Retraction: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve in the USA: What Role Institutional Quality, Globalization, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Remittances can Play? New Evidence From Dynamic ARDL Simulations Approach

    1. Read retraction
Muhammad Imran KhanMuhammad Imran Khan1Muhammad Kamran KhanMuhammad Kamran Khan2Vishal DagarVishal Dagar3Bahareh Oryani Bahareh Oryani4*Syeda Saba AkbarSyeda Saba Akbar5Sultan Salem Sultan Salem6*Sayyad Mahejabin DildarSayyad Mahejabin Dildar7
  • 1School of Economics and Management, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
  • 2Management Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 3Amity School of Economics, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
  • 4Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 5Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (GIKI), Swabi, Pakistan
  • 6Department of Economics, Birmingham Business School, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • 7Department of Commerce, Agasti Arts, Commerce and Dadasaheb Rupwate Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

This article has been retracted. Please follow the link to the full retraction notice for details.

Citation: Khan MI, Kamran Khan M, Dagar V, Oryani B, Akbar SS, Salem S and Dildar SM (2021) Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve in the USA: What Role Institutional Quality, Globalization, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Remittances can Play? New Evidence From Dynamic ARDL Simulations Approach. Front. Environ. Sci. 9:789715. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.789715

Received: 05 October 2021; Accepted: 11 November 2021;
Published: 13 December 2021; Retracted: 07 August 2025.

Edited by:

Umer Shahzad, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, China

Reviewed by:

Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Cyprus International University, Cyprus
Diogo Ferraz, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.