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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Environ. Sci., 03 May 2022

Sec. Environmental Economics and Management

Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.900760

This article is part of the Research TopicExport Product Quality, Renewable Energy, and Sustainable ProductionView all 65 articles

RETRACTED: The Dynamics of Three Currencies’ Bid–Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import–Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production

Retracted

A retraction of this article was approved in:

  1. Retraction: The Dynamics of Three Currencies' Bid-Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import-Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production

    1. Read retraction
Lu XuLu Xu1Xijing LiuXijing Liu2Lubo&#x; Smutka&#x;Luboš Smutka3†Wadim Strielkowski&#x;Wadim Strielkowski3†Xin Zhao Xin Zhao4*
  • 1School of Economics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
  • 2Overseas Education College, Fujian Business University, Fuzhou, China
  • 3Department of Trade and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
  • 4School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China

This article has been retracted. Please follow the link to the full retraction notice for details.

Citation: Xu L, Liu X, Smutka L, Strielkowski W and Zhao X (2022) The Dynamics of Three Currencies’ Bid–Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import–Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production. Front. Environ. Sci. 10:900760. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.900760

Received: 21 March 2022; Accepted: 05 April 2022;
Published: 03 May 2022; Retracted: 07 August 2025.

Edited by:

Gagan Deep Sharma, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, India

Reviewed by:

Ahmed Samour, Near East University, Cyprus
Hyoungsuk Lee, Korea University, South Korea

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