Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Eucalyptus Globulus Extract for Fluoride Removal under Magnetic Treatment

Oumayma Sbei^1,2*Anis Elaoud^1*Eman Ben Salah³Hajer Tlili⁴Amani Mechi^4,5Rachid SALGHI⁶Mounir Ferhi⁴

• ¹Universite de Carthage Institut Superieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj Cedria, Borj Cédria, Tunisia
• ²Universite de Monastir Institut Superieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
• ³Arab Open University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴Centre National de Recherches en Sciences des Materiaux, Sulayman, Tunisia
• ⁵Universite de Carthage Faculte des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
• ⁶Universite Euro-Mediterraneenne de Fes, Fes, Morocco

Introduction: Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles present physical and chemical properties with a great potential opportunity for biotechnology applications. This paper is about the green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from Eucalyptus globulus extract, which proves to be an adequate reductant in green chemistry because active polyphenols are abundantly available in it. Methods: Using an extract of Eucalyptus globulus, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were created using the green coprecipitation method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) were used to analyze the colloidal particles that were produced. To determine the variables that affect the removal of fluoride from water, batch tests have been conducted. Contact time, adsorbent dosage, stirring speed, starting fluoride concentration, temperature, particle size, regeneration, and magnetization are the variables under investigation. This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article Results and discussion: Colloidal particles were obtained with super good magnetic property and easy dispersion in water. The results of XRD, EDS analyses have shown that pattern results of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are consistent. The size distribution of iron nanoparticles from SEM images has revealed different sizes between 30 to 60 nm and also confirmed that the iron nanoparticles are ferrimagnetic. VSM analysis has proved that the saturation magnetization (Ms) value which was measured is 15.797 emu/g. These nanoparticles effectively eliminated fluoride ions, and with just a slight decrease in their adsorption capability, they can be regenerated and used for additional treatments. Additionally, the employment of a magnetic device and nanoparticles increased the fluoride ion adsorption effectiveness from 38% to 44%. These findings demonstrate the good magnetic strength and appropriate adsorption capacity of green produced Fe3O4 nanoparticles from Eucalyptus globulus extract, making them a promising environmentally friendly material for water treatment applications.